{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:29:17Z","timestamp":1791314957719,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The objective of this study was to identify the oral pathogens found in odontogenic infections, to determine their susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), clindamycin (CLI), doxycycline (DOX), levofloxacin (LVX), moxifloxacin (MXF), and penicillin (PEN), and to search for associations between specific pathogens and types of infection. Swabs from patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind phase II trial comparing MXF with CLI for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses or inflammatory infiltrates were cultured on media for aerobes and anaerobes. All bacterial isolates were identified at the species level. Overall, 205 isolates were cultured from 71 patients: 77 viridans group streptococci, 56\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Prevotella<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., 19\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., 17\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus anginosus<\/jats:named-content>\n            group isolates and hemolytic streptococci, 15 other anaerobes, and 21 other bacteria. Ninety-eight percent of pathogens were susceptible to MXF, 96% to AMC, 85% to LVX, 67% to PEN, 60% to CLI, and 50% to DOX.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. anginosus<\/jats:named-content>\n            group and hemolytic streptococci were found significantly more frequently (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.04) in patients with abscesses (12\/95) than in patients with infiltrates (5\/110). In four patients with infiltrates who failed to respond to CLI therapy, three isolates of the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:named-content>\n            group and four\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. resistant to CLI were found. In this study,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. anginosus<\/jats:named-content>\n            group and hemolytic streptococci were clearly associated with odontogenic abscesses. Our analysis suggests that viridans group streptococci and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. play a decisive role in the etiology of odontogenic infiltrates. The high\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            activity of MXF against odontogenic bacteria corresponds well to its clinical results in the treatment of odontogenic abscesses and infiltrates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.06428-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]],"date-time":"2012-02-22T02:37:05Z","timestamp":1329878225000},"page":"2565-2569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Microbiological Analysis of a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin in the Treatment of Odontogenic Infiltrates and Abscesses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ingo","family":"Sobottka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Wegscheider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Balzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer H.","family":"B\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Hallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Diakonic Hospital, Rotenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Giersdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Emergency Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Streichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry\/Central Laboratories, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munif","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry\/Central Laboratories, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Platzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Cachovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1159\/000110864","article-title":"Severe versus local odontogenic bacterial infections: comparison of microbial isolates","volume":"40","author":"Al-Nawas B","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-NawasB MaeurerM. 2008. 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