{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:41:52Z","timestamp":1769632912665,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,4,1]],"date-time":"1977-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":228700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the maternal-fetal transfer of tobramycin (TBM) and its distribution in the fetus, a single dose of 2 mg\/kg was administered intramuscularly to 35 pregnant patients (13 first trimester, 22 second trimester) 0.5 to 34 h before hysterectomy. TBM concentration was assayed microbiologically in maternal serum, fetal tissues (placenta, brain, lung, liver, and kidney), and fluids (amniotic, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], urine, and serum). Mean maternal serum half-life (1.54 h) and mean peak serum concentration of TBM were within ranges reported for nonpregnant adults. In fetal serum, half-life was 5.2 h, and TBM levels did not exceed 0.58 \u03bcg\/ml. For intervals up to 34 h, the mean TBM concentration in placental tissues was 1.4 \u03bcg\/g. Concentration differences related to fetal maturation were found for fetal CSF, amniotic fluid, and fetal kidney. No antimicrobial activity was found in the fetal CSF of &gt;16 weeks' gestation. TBM was present predominantly in the second trimester amniotic fluid specimens. Fetal kidney concentrations reached 7.2 \u03bcg\/g at 34 h after maternal drug administration. Higher TBM concentrations were related to advanced maturation of the fetal kidney. Second trimester fetal urine concentrations for TBM ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 \u03bcg\/ml, and the fetal urinary half-life was 3.7 h. Knowledge of fetal pharmacology is essential for weighing the fetal benefits or risks of antimicrobial therapy for the infected gravid patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.11.4.688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T23:57:02Z","timestamp":1340841422000},"page":"688-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Tobramycin: Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Betty","family":"Bernard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Hastings Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvador J.","family":"Garcia-C\u00e1zares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Hastings Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Hastings Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauri D.","family":"Thrupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Hastings Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen W.","family":"Mathies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Hastings Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Wehrle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Hastings Infectious Disease Laboratory, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and the Los Angeles County\/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.11.4.688","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.11.4.688","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T13:52:24Z","timestamp":1645451544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.11.4.688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.11.4.688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.11.4.688","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1977-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}