{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T10:59:56Z","timestamp":1758279596019},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,8,1]],"date-time":"1977-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":239241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            1-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -Arabinofuranosylthymine (ara-T), a metabolite of the sponge\n            <jats:italic>Tethya crypta<\/jats:italic>\n            , has shown selective activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication (G. A. Gentry and J. F. Aswell, Virology\n            <jats:bold>65:<\/jats:bold>\n            294\u2013296, 1975). Analysis of HSV-infected and uninfected cell lysates by CsCl isopycnic centrifugation showed that ara-T blocked the incorporation of [\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            H]hypoxanthine into viral deoxyribonucleic acid and, to a large extent, into host deoxyribonucleic acid of infected (but not uninfected) cells. Additional experiments with [\u03b3-\n            <jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>\n            P]adenosine 5\u2032-triphosphate as a radiophosphate donor demonstrated that ara-T is phosphorylated by extracts of HSV-infected BHK cells and not by those of uninfected cells. At an ara-T concentration that almost completely inhibited the growth of LM cells, which had been transformed to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside kinase\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            (dPyK\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ) phenotype by ultraviolet-inactivated HSV-1, the growth of uninfected LM cells was not affected. These results indicate that the viral dPyK is responsible for the selective antiviral activity of ara-T. This conclusion was further supported by experiments that showed that the replication of a variety of dPyK\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mutants of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were not affected by ara-T and that ara-T inhibited the phosphorylation of deoxycytidine and deoxythymidine by HSV-1 dPyK, but not by host deoxycytidine and deoxythymidine kinases, respectively. Ara-T also selectively inhibited the replication of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in vitro and was effective against EHV-1 infection in vivo in hamsters. Further, EHV-1 was inhibited by ara-T and by bromodeoxyuridine in LM cells lacking a cytosol thymidine kinase, suggesting that EHV-1 induces a dPyK. Finally, spectrophotometric assay for thymine suggested that ara-T is not a substrate for nucleoside phosphorylase of hamster liver, and a microbiological assay indicated that substantial amounts of ara-T were excreted in the urine of uninfected hamsters that had received a single injection of 5 mg of ara-T, the amount given in each injection in the in vivo experiments with EHV-1.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.12.2.243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T23:57:02Z","timestamp":1340841422000},"page":"243-254","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Antiviral Activity of Arabinosylthymine in Herpesviral Replication: Mechanism of Action In Vivo and In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"J. F.","family":"Aswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. P.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. T.","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"Gentry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.12.2.243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.12.2.243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T23:14:54Z","timestamp":1645485294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.12.2.243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.12.2.243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.12.2.243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1977-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}