{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:24:30Z","timestamp":1759047870430},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]],"date-time":"1993-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":754704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The immunological effects of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B were studied in vitro by measuring B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation on splenocytes from immune-normal, cyclosporine-compromised, and cyclophosphamide-compromised mice. Cellular viability of cells from immune-normal mice was also evaluated. The concentrations used (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 micrograms\/ml) encompassed clinically relevant doses. Amphotericin B consistently reduced the abilities of B cells and T cells to proliferate, especially when administered at higher than clinically relevant doses. Direct cytotoxicity probably played only a minor role, since viability studies showed that, compared with its liposomal analog, amphotericin B reduced the number of viable cells by no more than 10%. Clinically relevant doses of liposomal amphotericin B (A. S. Janoff, L. T. Boni, M. C. Popescu, S. R. Minchey, P. R. Cullis, T. D. Madden, T. Tarashi, S. M. Gruner, E. Shyamsunder, M. W. Tate, R. Mendelsohn, and D. Bonner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6122-6126, 1988; R. Mehta, G. Lopez-Berestein, R. Hopfer, K. Mills, and R. L. Juliano, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 770:230-234, 1984) did not inhibit any of the immune parameters examined. Liposomes may, therefore, be a useful means of delivering more drug to a host infected with a fungal organism without further compromising the patient's already suppressed immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.37.12.2716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T00:05:50Z","timestamp":1340841950000},"page":"2716-2721","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Immunological effects of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B on splenocytes from immune-normal and immune-compromised mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"J J","family":"Schindler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5600."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R P","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5600."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S D","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5600."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M K","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5600."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.37.12.2716","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.37.12.2716","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T15:31:48Z","timestamp":1645457508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.37.12.2716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.37.12.2716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.37.12.2716","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1993-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}