{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:06:59Z","timestamp":1790917619551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]],"date-time":"1998-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":907200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In this study, treatment efficacies of a nonionic surfactant vesicle formulation of sodium stibogluconate (SSG-NIV) and of several formulations of amphotericin B were compared in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. Treatment with multiple doses of AmBisome, Abelcet, and Amphocil (total dose, 12.5 mg of amphotericin B\/kg of body weight) resulted in a significant suppression of parasite burdens in liver (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0005) and spleen (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0005) compared with those of controls, with Abelcet having the lowest activity. Only AmBisome and Amphocil gave significant suppression of parasites in bone marrow (compared to control values,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.005). In the acute-infection model, single-dose treatments of SSG-NIV (296 mg of Sb\n            <jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>\n            \/kg), SSG solution (296 mg of Sb\n            <jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>\n            \/kg), or AmBisome (8 mg of amphotericin B\/kg) were equally effective against liver parasites (compared to control values,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0005). SSG-NIV and AmBisome treatment also significantly suppressed parasites in bone marrow and spleen (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.005), with SSG-NIV treatment being more suppressive (&gt;98% suppression in all three sites). Free-SSG treatment failed to suppress spleen or bone marrow parasites. Infection status influenced treatment outcome. In the chronic-infection model, the AmBisome single-dose treatment was less effective in all three infection sites and the SSG-NIV single-dose treatment was less effective in the spleen. The results of this study suggest that the antileishmanial efficacy of SSG-NIV compares favorably with those of the novel amphotericin B formulations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.42.10.2722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:29:31Z","timestamp":1539044971000},"page":"2722-2725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Visceral Leishmaniasis in the BALB\/c Mouse: A Comparison of the Efficacy of a Nonionic Surfactant Formulation of Sodium Stibogluconate with Those of Three Proprietary Formulations of Amphotericin B"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"A. B.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Immunology,2 University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Baillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. C.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Immunology,2 University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(89)90259-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(97)00009-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"119","article-title":"Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. I. The variable course of Leishmania donovani infections in mice.","volume":"30","author":"Bradley D. J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bradley D. J. Kirkley J. Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. I. The variable course of Leishmania donovani infections in mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 30 1977 119 129","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1988.tb05271.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06399.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.4.899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90330-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.5.1214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.10.2089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10611869509015926"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.42.10.2722","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.42.10.2722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T15:39:19Z","timestamp":1645457959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.42.10.2722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.42.10.2722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.42.10.2722","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-05-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-08-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}