{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:02:30Z","timestamp":1790838150696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,1]],"date-time":"1998-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":909878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>penB<\/jats:italic>\n            is a chromosomal mutation that confers resistance to \u03b2-lactams and tetracyclines and reduced susceptibility to quinolones in\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            . It is linked to the porin gene (\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and requires the increased expression of an efflux pump due to\n            <jats:italic>mtr<\/jats:italic>\n            . Transformation of a susceptible gonococcus (strain H1) with chromosomal DNA from strain FA140 (\n            <jats:italic>penA mtr penB<\/jats:italic>\n            ; porin serovar IB1) and conjugal transfer of a \u03b2-lactamase-expressing plasmid was used to produce isogenic strains for determination of equilibrium periplasmic penicillin concentrations by the method of Zimmermann and Rosselet (W. Zimmermann and A. Rosselet, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 12:368\u2013372, 1977). In transformants with the Mtr and PenB phenotypes, equilibrium concentrations of penicillin were reduced. DNA sequence analysis of\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            from isogenic\n            <jats:italic>penB<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>penB<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            transformants revealed 14 sequence differences; nine of these differences resulted in amino acid changes. Three amino acid changes were found in the putative gonococcal equivalent of the pore-constricting loop 3 of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            OmpF. Two of these changes (Gly-101\u2013Ala-102\u2192Asp-Asp) result in an increased negative charge at this position in\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            loop 3. PCR products comprising the complete\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            gene from strain FA140 were transformed into strain H1-2 (\n            <jats:italic>penA mtr<\/jats:italic>\n            ; porin serovar IB-3), with the resulting transformants having the antibiotic susceptibility phenotype associated with\n            <jats:italic>penB. penB<\/jats:italic>\n            -like mutations were found in loop 3 of clinical isolates of gonococci with chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin. We conclude that\n            <jats:italic>penB<\/jats:italic>\n            is a mutation in loop 3 of\n            <jats:italic>por<\/jats:italic>\n            that reduces porin permeability to hydrophilic antibiotics and plays an important role in the development of chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in gonococci.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.42.11.2799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:29:45Z","timestamp":1539044985000},"page":"2799-2803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Gonococcal Resistance to \u03b2-Lactams and Tetracycline Involves Mutation in Loop 3 of the Porin Encoded at the\n            <i>penB<\/i>\n            Locus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Simjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Al-Hattawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Campus, London,2 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. D.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Campus, London,2 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. S. F.","family":"Easmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Campus, London,2 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Ison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Campus, London,2 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.14.4258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"243","article-title":"Genetic linkage between serogroup specificity and antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","volume":"90","author":"Bygdeman S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bygdeman S. Backman M. Danielsson D. Norgren M. Genetic linkage between serogroup specificity and antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. B 90 1982 243 250","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. 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A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ison C. A. Bindayna K. M. Woodford N. Gill M. J. Easmon C. S. F. Penicillin and cephalosporin resistance in gonococci. Genitorurin. Med. 66 1990 351 356","journal-title":"Genitorurin. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Transfer of \u03b2-lactamase plasmids by conjugation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","volume":"66","author":"Ison C. A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ison C. A. Gill M. J. Woodford N. Transfer of \u03b2-lactamase plasmids by conjugation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genitourin. Med. 66 1990 82 86","journal-title":"Genitourin. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"Epidemiology of penicillin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","volume":"67","author":"Ison C. A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ison C. A. Easmon C. S. F. Epidemiology of penicillin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genitourin. Med. 67 1991 307 311","journal-title":"Genitourin. 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H.\n              Pattus\n              F.\n          The porin superfamily: diversity and common features.\n          The bacterial cell wall.\n              Ghuysen\n              J.-M.\n              Hakenbeck\n              R.\n          1994\n          Elsevier Science Publishers BV\n          Amsterdam The Netherlands","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7306(08)60420-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Mallea\n              M.\n              Fourel\n              D.\n              Pages\n              J.-M.\n          \u03b2-Lactam susceptibility and structure of the bacterial porin lumen abstr. C107\n          Program and abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.\n          1995\n          59\n          American Society for Microbiology\n          Washington D.C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8153625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0830236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.1.4.283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00354.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.32.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Inheritance of low-level resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","volume":"332","author":"Sparling P. F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sparling P. F. Sarubbi F. A. Jr. Blackman E. Inheritance of low-level resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nature 332 1975 173 176","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Associations between serotype and susceptibility to antibiotics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","volume":"65","author":"Woodford N.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Woodford N. Bindayna K. M. Easmon C. S. F. Ison C. A. Associations between serotype and susceptibility to antibiotics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genitourin. Med. 65 1989 86 91","journal-title":"Genitourin. 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