{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T13:59:08Z","timestamp":1791035948890,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]],"date-time":"1998-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":899251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The MICs of 13 antibiotics (doxycycline, thiamphenicol, rifampin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin, and pristinamycin) were determined for 27 available rickettsial species or strains. We used two in vitro cell culture methods described previously: the plaque assay and the microplaque colorimetric assay. Our results confirm the susceptibilities of rickettsiae to doxycycline, thiamphenicol, and fluoroquinolones. Beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and co-trimoxazole were not active. Typhus group rickettsiae were susceptible to all macrolides tested, whereas the spotted fever group rickettsiae,\n            <jats:italic>R. bellii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>R. canada<\/jats:italic>\n            were more resistant, with josamycin, a safe alternative for the treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever, being the most effective compound. Strain Bar 29,\n            <jats:italic>R. massiliae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>R. montana<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>R. aeschlimannii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>R. rhipicephali<\/jats:italic>\n            , which are members of the same phylogenetic subgroup, were more resistant to rifampin than the other rickettsiae tested. Heterogeneity in susceptibility to rifampin, which we report for the first time, may explain in vivo discrepancies in the effectiveness of this antibiotic for the treatment of rickettsial diseases. We hypothesize that rifampin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility may reflect a divergence during the evolution of rickettsiae.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.42.7.1537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:33:03Z","timestamp":1539045183000},"page":"1537-1541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["In Vitro Susceptibilities of 27 Rickettsiae to 13 Antimicrobials"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"J. M.","family":"Rolain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, CNRS UPRES A 6020, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Maurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, CNRS UPRES A 6020, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Vestris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, CNRS UPRES A 6020, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, CNRS UPRES A 6020, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-3-521","article-title":"Confirmation that Rickettsia helvetica sp. nov. is a distinct species of the spotted fever group of rickettsiae.","volume":"43","author":"Beati L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beati L. 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