{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:44:31Z","timestamp":1772498671016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We investigated the in vitro activity of voriconazole compared to those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 566 clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            from Africa (164) and the United States (402). Isolates were obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (362), blood (139), and miscellaneous sites (65). Voriconazole (MIC at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited [MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            ], 0.12 to 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml) was more active than either itraconazole (MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            , 0.5 \u03bcg\/ml) or fluconazole (MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            , 8.0 to 16 \u03bcg\/ml) against both African and U.S. isolates. Isolates inhibited by \u226516 \u03bcg of fluconazole per ml were almost all (99%) inhibited by \u22641 \u03bcg of voriconazole per ml. These results suggest that voriconazole may be useful in the treatment of cryptococcosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.1.169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:34:08Z","timestamp":1539045248000},"page":"169-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["In Vitro Activities of Voriconazole, Fluconazole, and Itraconazole against 566 Clinical Isolates of\n            <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n            from the United States and Africa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Pfaller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Messer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia2;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Hajjeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia2;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Jessup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Mycology Reference Laboratory, Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio3;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tumberland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California4; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. K.","family":"Mbidde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Ghannoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Mycology Reference Laboratory, Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio3;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.8.1948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.8.1840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.912-917.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.4.812","article-title":"Molecular subtypes and antifungal susceptibilities of serial Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcosis.","volume":"174","author":"Brandt M. E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brandt M. E. Pfaller M. A. Hajjeh R. A. Graviss E. A. Rees J. Spitzer E. D. Pinner R. W. Mayer L. W. the Cryptococcal Disease Active Surveillance Group Molecular subtypes and antifungal susceptibilities of serial Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcosis. J. Infect. Dis. 174 1996 812 820","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.4.624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.1.198-202.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1086\/516298","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Harare, Zimbabwe.","volume":"26","author":"Heyderman R. S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Heyderman R. S. Gangaidzo I. T. Hakim J. G. Mielke J. Taziwa A. Musvaire P. Robertson V. J. Mason P. R. Cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Harare, Zimbabwe. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26 1998 284 289","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon-Chung\n              K. J.\n              Bennett\n              J. E.\n          Medical mycology.\n          1992\n          Lea & Febiger\n          Malvern Pa","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651992000600018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.1.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.8.1832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved standard M27-A.\n          1997\n          National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Wayne Pa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.5.975-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.5.837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199203193261203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503163321102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Saag\n              M. S.\n              Cloud\n              G. C.\n              Graybill\n              J. R.\n              Sobel\n              J.\n              Tuazon\n              C.\n              Wiesinger\n              B.\n              Riser\n              L.\n              Moskovitz\n              B. L.\n              Dismukes\n              W. E.\n            the NIAID Mycoses Study Group\n          Comparison of fluconazole (FLU) versus itraconazole (ITRA) as maintenance therapy of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) abstr. I218\n          Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.\n          1995\n          244\n          American Society for Microbiology\n          Washington D.C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.5.1280-1282.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707033370103"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.1.169","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.1.169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T16:15:02Z","timestamp":1645460102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.43.1.169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.43.1.169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.43.1.169","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-10-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}