{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:06:19Z","timestamp":1791342379034,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1) is a small, cationic peptide released from rabbit platelets following thrombin stimulation. In vitro resistance to this peptide among strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    correlates with the survival advantage of such strains at sites of endothelial damage in humans as well as in experimental endovascular infections. The mechanisms involved in the phenotypic resistance of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    to tPMP-1 are not fully delineated. The plasmid-encoded staphylococcal gene\n                    <jats:italic>qacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediates multidrug resistance to multiple organic cations via a proton motive force-dependent efflux pump. We studied whether the\n                    <jats:italic>qacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene might also confer resistance to cationic tPMP-1. Staphylococcal plasmids encoding\n                    <jats:italic>qacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    were found to confer resistance to tPMP-1 in an otherwise susceptible parental strain. Deletions which removed the region containing the\n                    <jats:italic>qacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in the\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    multiresistance plasmid pSK1 abolished tPMP-1 resistance. Resistance to tPMP-1 in the\n                    <jats:italic>qacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -bearing strains was inoculum independent but peptide concentration dependent, with the level of resistance decreasing at higher peptide concentrations for a given inoculum. There was no apparent cross-resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>qacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -bearing strains to other endogenous cationic antimicrobial peptides which are structurally distinct from tPMP-1, including human neutrophil defensin 1, protamine, or the staphylococcal lantibiotics pep5 and nisin. These data demonstrate that the staphylococcal multidrug resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic>qacA<\/jats:italic>\n                    also mediates in vitro resistance to cationic tPMP-1.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.10.2395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T20:33:30Z","timestamp":1539030810000},"page":"2395-2399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Thrombin-Induced Platelet Microbicidal Protein in Staphylococci: Role of the\n                    <i>qacA<\/i>\n                    Locus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Leon Iri","family":"Kupferwasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, St. John\u2019s Cardiovascular Research Center, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 905091;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald A.","family":"Skurray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia2; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa H.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia2; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neville","family":"Firth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia2; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Yeaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, St. John\u2019s Cardiovascular Research Center, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 905091;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 900243"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold S.","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, St. John\u2019s Cardiovascular Research Center, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 905091;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 900243"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.12.3169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Bayer\n              A. S.\n              Yeaman\n              M. R.\n              Koo\n              S. P.\n              Prasad\n              R.\n          Resistance to staphylococcal effects of thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein is associated with alterations in membrane fluidity and lipid content abstr. A-107\n          Abstracts of the 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1997.\n          1997\n          19\n          American Society for Microbiology\n          Washington D.C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Bayer\n              A. S.\n              Yeaman\n              M. R.\n              Sahl\n              H. G.\n              Brar\n              D.\n              Proctor\n              R. A.\n          Relationship of phenotypic resistance to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein (tPMP) and cytoplasmic membrane bioenergetics in Staphylococcus aureus (SA) abstr. A-106\n          Abstracts of the 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1997.\n          1997\n          19\n          American Society for Microbiology\n          Washington D.C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.2.663-671.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3476-3479.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Dhawan V. K. M. R. Yeaman and A. S. Bayer. Thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein susceptibility phenotype influences the treatment outcome in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. J. Infect. Dis. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.8.3293-3299.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Firth N. S. Apisiridej and R. A. Skurray. Unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.29.18665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-96-2-277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80175-T","article-title":"Protegrins: leukocyte antimicrobial peptides that combine features of corticostatic defensins and tachyplesins.","volume":"327","author":"Kokryakow V. N.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kokryakow V. N. Harwig S. S. Panyutich E. A. Shevchenko A. A. Aleshina G. M. Shamova O. V. Korneva H. A. Lehrer R. I. Protegrins: leukocyte antimicrobial peptides that combine features of corticostatic defensins and tachyplesins. FEBS Lett. 327 1993 231 236","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.3.1070-1074.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-40-3-214","article-title":"Multidrug resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants in coagulase-negative staphylococci.","volume":"40","author":"Leelaporn A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leelaporn A. Paulsen I. T. Tennent J. M. Littlejohn T. G. Skurray R. A. Multidrug resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants in coagulase-negative staphylococci. J. Med. Microbiol. 40 1994 214 220","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05376.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00382099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Lyon B. R. and R. A. Skurray. Unpublished data."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(93)90081-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.475"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Novick\n              R. P.\n          The Staphylococcus as a molecular genetic system\n          Molecular biology of the staphylococci.\n              Novick\n              R. P.\n          1990\n          1\n          37\n          VCH Publishers\n          New York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Producer self-protection against the lantibiotic epidermin by the ABC transporter EpiFEG of Staphylococcus epidermidis Tu3298.","volume":"166","author":"Otto M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Otto M. Peschel A. G\u00f6tz F. Producer self-protection against the lantibiotic epidermin by the ABC transporter EpiFEG of Staphylococcus epidermidis Tu3298. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 166 1998 203 211","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MR.60.4.575-608.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Paulsen\n              I. T.\n              Firth\n              N.\n              Skurray\n              R. A.\n          Resistance to antimicrobial agents other than \u03b2-lactams\n          The staphylococci in human disease.\n              Crossley\n              K. B.\n              Archer\n              G. L.\n          1997\n          175\n          212\n          Churchill Livingstone\n          New York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00565.x","article-title":"Efflux-mediated antiseptic resistance gene qacA from Staphylococcus aureus: common ancestry with tetracycline- and sugar-transport proteins.","volume":"4","author":"Rouch D. A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rouch D. A. Cram D. S. DiBerarino D. Littlejohn T. G. Skurray R. A. Efflux-mediated antiseptic resistance gene qacA from Staphylococcus aureus: common ancestry with tetracycline- and sugar-transport proteins. Mol. Microbiol. 4 1990 2051 2062","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Shafer W. M. Personal communication."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.11.4842-4845.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.27.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical and biochemical characterization of the qacA gene encoding antiseptic and disinfectant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.","volume":"135","author":"Tennent J. M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tennent J. M. Lyon B. R. Midgley M. Jones I. G. Purewal A. S. Skurray R. A. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.4.729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.8.1665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.1023-1031.1997"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2395","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T10:52:23Z","timestamp":1645440743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.43.10.2395","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-07-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}