{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:15:28Z","timestamp":1791843328867,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Antimicrobial resistance, including plasmid-mediated resistance, among the species of the\n            <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            group is well documented. An analysis of the in vitro susceptibility of\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            group species referred between 1995 and 1996 as well as during a 7-year (1990 to 1996), prospective, multicenter survey of over 4,000 clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            group species was undertaken to review trends in the percent resistance to and geometric mean MICs of the antibiotics tested. There was a trend toward a decrease in the geometric mean MICs of most \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, while the percent resistance to most agents was less affected. Within the species\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            , the geometric mean MICs showed significant (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) decreases for piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, piperacillin, ticarcillin, ceftizoxime, cefotetan, and cefmetazole; a significant increase was observed for clindamycin and cefoxitin. For the non-\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            species, a significant decrease in the geometric mean MICs was observed for meropenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, piperacillin, ticarcillin, ceftizoxime, and cefmetazole; a significant increase was observed for cefoxitin. Significant increases in percent resistance were observed within the\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains for ticarcillin and ceftizoxime and within the non-\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates for cefotetan. Significant increases in percent resistance among all\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            group species were observed for clindamycin, while imipenem showed no significant change in resistance trends. The trend analysis for trovafloxacin was limited to 3 years, since the quinolone was tested only in 1994, 1995, and 1996. During the 7 years analyzed, there was no resistance to metronidazole or chloramphenicol observed. The data demonstrate that resistance among the\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            group species has decreased in the past several years, the major exception being clindamycin. The majority of the resistance decrease has been for the \u03b2-lactams in\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            , compared to other species. The reasons for these changes are not readily apparent.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.10.2417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:33:30Z","timestamp":1539045210000},"page":"2417-2422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Multicenter Study of In Vitro Susceptibility of the\n            <i>Bacteroides fragilis<\/i>\n            Group, 1995 to 1996, with Comparison of Resistance Trends from 1990 to 1996"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"D. R.","family":"Snydman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Community Health, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. V.","family":"Jacobus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Community Health, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Community Health, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Supran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Community Health, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"G. J.","family":"Cuchural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Community Health, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Finegold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital, Los Angeles, California2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Harrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina3;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois4;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Iannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Danbury Hospital, Danbury, Connecticut5;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida6;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan7;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rihs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 8-->Pittsburgh Veterans Administration Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania8; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Gorbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Community Health, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/25.6.1011","article-title":"The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States, 1987.","volume":"25","author":"Cornick N. A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cornick N. A. Cuchural G. J. Snydman D. R. Jacobus N. V. Iannini P. Hill G. Cleary T. O\u2019Keefe J. P. Person C. Finegold S. M. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States, 1987. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 25 1990 1011 1019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.26.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.30.5.645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.5.717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.3.479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197405232902106","article-title":"Anaerobic infections.","volume":"290","author":"Gorbach S. L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gorbach S. L. Bartlett J. G. Anaerobic infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 290 1974 1177 1184, 1237\u20131245.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Holdemann\n              L. V.\n              Cato\n              E. P.\n              Moore\n              W. E.\n          Anaerobic laboratory manual\n          4th ed.\n          1977\n           Virginia Polytechnic Institute\n          Blacksburg Va"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.1.117","article-title":"Bacteroides distasonis mediated by a novel \u03b2-lactamase.","volume":"30","author":"Hurlbut S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hurlbut S. Cuchural G. J. Tally F. P. Bacteroides distasonis mediated by a novel \u03b2-lactamase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 30 1990 117 120","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/24.5.675","article-title":"In-vitro susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group and the inoculum effect of newer \u03b2-lactam antibiotics on this group of organisms.","volume":"24","author":"Jacobus N. V.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jacobus N. V. Cuchural G. J. Tally F. P. In-vitro susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group and the inoculum effect of newer \u03b2-lactam antibiotics on this group of organisms. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 24 1989 675 682","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria\n          4th ed.\n          13. Approved standard M11-A4\n          1997\n          National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Villanova Pa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Nguyen M. H. V. L. Yu A. J. Morris L. McDermott M. W. Wagener L. Harrell and D. R. Snydman. Antimicrobial resistance and clinical outcome for Bacteroides bacteremia: results from a multicenter prospective observational trial. Clin. Infect. Dis. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/16.Supplement_4.S266","article-title":"Wound and intraabdominal infections: microbiological considerations and approaches to treatment.","volume":"16","author":"Nichols R. L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nichols R. L. Smith J. W. Wound and intraabdominal infections: microbiological considerations and approaches to treatment. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16 (Suppl. 4) 1993 S266 S272","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/19.2.161","article-title":"Cefoxitin resistance in Bacteroides species: evidence indicating two mechanisms causing decreased susceptibility.","volume":"19","author":"Piddock L. V. J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Piddock L. V. J. Wise R. Cefoxitin resistance in Bacteroides species: evidence indicating two mechanisms causing decreased susceptibility. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 19 1987 161 170","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.8.1590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.6.1492","article-title":"Attributable mortality of bacteremia associated with the Bacteroides fragilis group.","volume":"20","author":"Redondo M. C.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Redondo M. C. Arbo M. D. J. Grindlinger J. Snydman D. R. Attributable mortality of bacteremia associated with the Bacteroides fragilis group. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20 1995 1492 1496","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S446","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/16.Supplement_4.S446","article-title":"Clinical relevance of susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteremia.","volume":"16","author":"Rosenblatt J. E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rosenblatt J. E. Brook I. Clinical relevance of susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteremia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16 (Suppl. 4) 1993 S446 S448","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"S34","article-title":"Susceptibility variations in Bacteroides fragilis: a national survey.","volume":"3","author":"Snydman D. R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Snydman D. R. Cuchural G. J. The National Anaerobic Susceptibility Study Group Susceptibility variations in Bacteroides fragilis: a national survey. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 3 (Suppl. 1) 1994 S34 S43","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.3.540"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.Supplement_1.S54","article-title":"Analysis of trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns among clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group species from 1990 to 1994.","volume":"23","author":"Snydman D. R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Snydman D. R. McDermott L. Cuchural G. J. Hecht D. W. Iannini P. B. Harrell L. J. Jenkins S. G. O\u2019Keefe J. P. Pierson C. L. Rihs J. D. Yu V. L. Finegold S. M. Gorbach S. L. Analysis of trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns among clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group species from 1990 to 1994. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23 (Suppl. 1) 1996 S54 S65","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1097\/00019048-199606001-00003","article-title":"Analysis of the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against Bacteroides species.","volume":"5","author":"Snydman D. R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Snydman D. R. McDermott L. Analysis of the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against Bacteroides species. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 5 (Suppl. 3) 1996 S96 S100","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Summanen\n              P.\n              Baron\n              E. J.\n              Citron\n              D. M.\n              Strong\n              C. A.\n              Wexler\n              H.\n              Finegold\n              S. M.\n          Wadsworth anaerobic bacteriology manual\n          5th ed.\n          1993\n          Star Publishing\n          Belmont Calif"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.7.2.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/139.1.83","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated, transferable resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin in Bacteroides fragilis.","volume":"139","author":"Tally F. P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Tally F. P. Snydman D. R. Gorbach S. L. Malamy M. H. Plasmid-mediated, transferable resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin in Bacteroides fragilis. J. Infect. Dis. 139 1979 83 88","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.4.536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.5.675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/26.1.7","article-title":"Alterations to the penicillin-binding proteins in the Bacteroides fragilis group: a mechanism for non-\u03b2-lactamase mediated cefoxitin resistance.","volume":"26","author":"Wexler H. M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wexler H. M. Halebian S. Alterations to the penicillin-binding proteins in the Bacteroides fragilis group: a mechanism for non-\u03b2-lactamase mediated cefoxitin resistance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 26 1990 7 20","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.24.6.925"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2417","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2417","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T15:55:16Z","timestamp":1645458916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.43.10.2417","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}