{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:26:15Z","timestamp":1762867575585},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            An antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance study of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates was performed during the winter of 1996\u20131997 in order to determine their susceptibilities to 5 fluoroquinolones and 21 other antimicrobial agents. Broth microdilution MICs were determined for 2,752 isolates from 51 U.S. medical centers. Of the 1,276\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, 64% were susceptible, 17% were intermediate, and 19% were highly resistant to penicillin. On the basis of the MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited and modal MICs, the hierarchy of the five fluoroquinolones from most to least active was grepafloxacin &gt; sparfloxacin &gt; levofloxacin = ciprofloxacin &gt; ofloxacin. For\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates for which penicillin MICs were elevated, the MICs of the cephalosporins, macrolides, clindamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were also elevated, but the MICs of the fluoroquinolones, vancomycin, and rifampin were not. The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible pneumococci varied by U.S. Bureau of the Census region (range, 44% in the East South Central region to 75% in the Pacific region). In addition,\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from blood were significantly more susceptible to penicillin than those from respiratory, ear, or eye specimens, and pneumococci from patients \u22642 years old were significantly more resistant to penicillin than those from older patients (by chi-square analysis,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). \u03b2-Lactamase was produced by 35% of\n            <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates and 93% of\n            <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, resulting in increased MICs of amoxicillin and certain cephalosporins. We noted that the antimicrobial resistance patterns of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, which correlate with the penicillin susceptibility phenotype, vary by site of infection, age group of the patient, and geographic source of the isolate.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.11.2612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:33:39Z","timestamp":1539045219000},"page":"2612-2623","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Survey of Susceptibilities of\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>\n            , and\n            <i>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/i>\n            Isolates to 26 Antimicrobial Agents: a Prospective U.S. Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Thornsberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRL Pharmaceutical Services, Brentwood, Tennessee,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. T.","family":"Ogilvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRL Pharmaceutical Services, Brentwood, Tennessee,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"H. P.","family":"Holley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. F.","family":"Sahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Herndon, Virginia,3 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Baron\n              E. J.\n              Murray\n              P. R.\n          Bacteriology\n          Manual of clinical microbiology\n          6th ed.\n              Murray\n              P. R.\n              Baron\n              E. J.\n              Pfaller\n              M. A.\n              Tenover\n              F. C.\n              Yolken\n              R. H.\n          1995\n          246\n          662\n          ASM Press\n          Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.5.986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.5.1208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.12.2884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.2.385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)92346-X","article-title":"A resistant pneumococcus.","author":"Hansman D.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hansman D. Bullen M. M. A resistant pneumococcus. Lancet ii 1967 264 265 (Letter.)","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Hickey\n              M. L.\n              Thornsberry\n              C.\n              Diakun\n              D. R.\n              Mani\n              S. V.\n              Sahm\n              D. F.\n          Activity of ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis : has it changed in the last decade? abstr. E-20\n          Program and abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.\n          1998\n          172\n          American Society for Microbiology\n          Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.12.3313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"S88","article-title":"Selection of oral antimicrobial agents for otitis media and pharyngitis.","volume":"4","author":"Klein J. O.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Klein J. O. Selection of oral antimicrobial agents for otitis media and pharyngitis. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 4 (Suppl. 2) 1995 S88 S94","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically 4th ed. Approved standard M7-A5.\n          1997\n          National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Wayne Pa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; eighth informational supplement. Approved standard document M100-S8.\n          1998\n          National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\n          Wayne Pa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.8.1817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Increasing penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the U.S.","volume":"12","author":"Thornsberry C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thornsberry C. Brown S. D. Yee Y. C. Bouchillon S. K. Marler J. K. Rich T. Increasing penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the U.S. Infect. Med. 12 (Suppl.) 1993 S15 S24","journal-title":"Infect. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199958002-00124","article-title":"International surveillance of susceptibility to levofloxacin and other agents among respiratory pathogens.","volume":"58","author":"Thornsberry C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thornsberry C. Hickey M. L. Diakun D. R. Mani S. V. Jones M. E. Sahm D. F. International surveillance of susceptibility to levofloxacin and other agents among respiratory pathogens. Drugs 58 (Suppl. 2) 1999 364 365","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199958002-00123","article-title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract pathogens in the United States, 1997 to 1998.","volume":"58","author":"Thornsberry C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thornsberry C. Hickey M. L. Mauriz Y. Kahn J. Sahm D. F. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract pathogens in the United States, 1997 to 1998. Drugs 58 (Suppl. 2) 1999 361 363","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Thornsberry\n              C.\n              Ogilvie\n              P.\n              Holley\n              H. P.\n              Jr.\n          The activity of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents against community isolates of S. pneumoniae (Sp) H. influenzae (Hi) and M. catarrhalis (Mc) abstr. E-3\n          Program and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.\n          1997\n          114\n          American Society for Microbiology\n          Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199958002-00117","article-title":"The activity of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.","volume":"58","author":"Thornsberry C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thornsberry C. Ogilvie P. Holley H. P. Jr. Hickey M. L. Jones M. E. Critchley I. A. Sahm D. F. The activity of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Drugs 58 (Suppl. 2) 1999 346 348","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(97)00195-8","article-title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States in 1996\u20131997 respiratory season.","volume":"29","author":"Thornsberry C.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thornsberry C. Ogilvie P. Kahn J. Mauriz Y. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States in 1996\u20131997 respiratory season. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 29 1997 249 257","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.1.1","article-title":"Decrease in antibiotic susceptibility or increase in resistance?","volume":"41","author":"Walker R. D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walker R. D. Thornsberry C. Decrease in antibiotic susceptibility or increase in resistance? J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 41 1998 1 4","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.11.2612","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.11.2612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T16:01:41Z","timestamp":1645459301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.43.11.2612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.43.11.2612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.43.11.2612","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-08-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}