{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:16:30Z","timestamp":1784175390651,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Chinese traditional medicine mao-bushi-saishin-to (MBST), which has anti-inflammatory effects and has been used to treat the common cold and nasal allergy in Japan, was examined for its effects on the therapeutic activity of a new benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648 (KRM), against<jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>complex (MAC) infection in mice. In addition, we examined the effects of MBST on the anti-MAC activity of murine peritoneal macrophages (M\u03c6s). First, MBST significantly increased the anti-MAC therapeutic activity of KRM when given to mice in combination with KRM, although MBST alone did not exhibit such effects. Second, MBST treatment of M\u03c6s significantly enhanced the KRM-mediated killing of MAC bacteria residing in M\u03c6s, although MBST alone did not potentiate the M\u03c6 anti-MAC activity. MBST-treated M\u03c6s showed decreased levels of reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) release, suggesting that RNIs are not decisive in the expression of the anti-MAC activity of such M\u03c6 populations. MBST partially blocked the interleukin-10 (IL-10) production of MAC-infected M\u03c6s without affecting their transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2)-producing activity. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the lung tissues of MAC-infected mice at weeks 4 and 8 after infection revealed a marked increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), IL-10, and TGF-\u03b2 mRNAs. KRM treatment of infected mice tended to decrease the levels of the test cytokine mRNAs, except that it increased TGF-\u03b2 mRNA expression at week 4. MBST treatment did not affect the levels of any cytokine mRNAs at week 8, while it down-regulated cytokine mRNA expression at week 4. At week 8, treatment of mice with a combination of KRM and MBST caused a marked decrease in the levels of the test cytokines mRNAs, especially IL-10 and IFN-\u03b3 mRNAs, although such effects were obscure at week 4. These findings suggest that down-regulation of the expression of IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2 is related to the combined therapeutic effects of KRM and MBST against MAC infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.3.514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:34:19Z","timestamp":1539045259000},"page":"514-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of the Chinese Traditional Medicine Mao-Bushi-Saishin-To on Therapeutic Efficacy of a New Benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, against<i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruaki","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsumasa","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Akaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Dermatology,2 Shimane Medical University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Dekio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Dermatology,2 Shimane Medical University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Yamada Clinic,3 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Shimane Institute of Health Science,4 Izumo, Shimane 693, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Central Research Laboratory, Kotaro Pharmaceutical Co., Takatsuki, Osaka 569,5 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Central Research Laboratory, Kotaro Pharmaceutical Co., Takatsuki, Osaka 569,5 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.62.6.795","article-title":"Effector molecules in expression of the antimicrobial activity of macrophages against Mycobacterium avium complex: the roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates, reactive oxygen intermediates, and free fatty acids.","volume":"62","author":"Akaki T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Akaki T. 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