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In a disk diffusion test, a typical synergistic effect between ceftazidime or aztreonam and clavulanic acid was observed along with an unusual synergy between cefoxitin and cefuroxime. The gene for VEB-1 (Vietnamese extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase) was cloned and expressed in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            JM109. The recombinant plasmid pRLT1 produced a \u03b2-lactamase with a pI of 5.35 and conferred high-level resistance to extended-spectrum (or oxyimino) cephalosporins and to aztreonam.\n            <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            values for extended-spectrum cephalosporins were uncommonly high, while the affinity of the enzyme for ceftazidime and aztreonam was relatively low.\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            showed significant homology at the DNA level with only\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>PER-1<\/jats:sub>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>PER-2<\/jats:sub>\n            . Analysis of the deduced protein sequence showed that VEB-1 is a class A penicillinase having very low levels of homology with any other known \u03b2-lactamases. The highest percentage of amino acid identity was 38% with PER-1 or PER-2, two uncommon class A extended-spectrum enzymes. Exploration of the genetic environment of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            revealed the presence of gene cassette features, i.e., (i) a 59-base element associated with\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            ; (ii) a second 59-base element just upstream of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            , likely belonging to the\n            <jats:italic>aacA1-orfG<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cassette; (iii) two core sites (GTTRRRY) on both sides of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            ; and (iv) a second antibiotic resistance gene 3\u2032 of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>aadB. bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            may therefore be the first class A extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase that is part of a gene cassette, which itself is likely to be located on a class 1 integron, as sulfamide resistance may indicate. Furthermore,\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>VEB-1<\/jats:sub>\n            is encoded on a large (&gt;100-kb) transferable plasmid found in a\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            MG-2 isolated at the same time from the same patient, indicating a horizontal gene transfer.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.3.573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:34:19Z","timestamp":1539045259000},"page":"573-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of VEB-1, a Novel Class A Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Encoded by an\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            Integron Gene"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Poirel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Naas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital Antoine Be\u0301cle\u0300re, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud 92141 Clamart Cedex,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Guibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital Antoine Be\u0301cle\u0300re, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud 92141 Clamart Cedex,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El Bachir","family":"Chaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Chimie et Biologie des Substances Actives, UMR 175 CNRS-MNHN, 29000 Quimper,3 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Labia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Chimie et Biologie des Substances Actives, UMR 175 CNRS-MNHN, 29000 Quimper,3 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Nordmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1980.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.1.63","article-title":"Chromosomal \u03b2-lactamase of Klebsiella oxytoca, a new class A enzyme that hydrolyzes broad spectrum \u03b2-lactam antibiotics.","volume":"33","author":"Arakawa Y.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Arakawa Y. 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