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Previous studies have suggested that bile salts may inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection; however, their activities against other sexually transmitted pathogens have not been reported. To further explore the potential role of bile salts in preventing sexually transmitted diseases, we examined the in vitro activities and cytotoxicities of select bile salts against<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2),<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>, and human immunodeficiency virus in comparison to those of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride using both primary cells and cell lines derived from the human female genital tract. We found that taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate and a combination of glycocholic acid and taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate showed excellent activity against all of the pathogens assayed. Moreover, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate alone or in combination was less cytotoxic than nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Thus, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate alone or in combination warrants further evaluation as a candidate topical microbicidal agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.4.745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:34:41Z","timestamp":1539045281000},"page":"745-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Bile Salts: Natural Detergents for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Betsy C.","family":"Herold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois2; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Marcellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Travelstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois2; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pilipenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois2; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Krasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York1;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Departments of Microbiology3 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Jin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Obstetrics and Gynecology,4 Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morris D.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois2; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Selective activity of several cholic acid derivatives against human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro.","volume":"2","author":"Baba M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Baba M. 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