{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:36:20Z","timestamp":1773657380482,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The limited number of effective antituberculosis drugs available necessitates optimizing current treatments. We show that melatonin, which is synthesized in the pineal gland, can cause at least a threefold increase in the efficacy of isoniazid. This suggests that tuberculosis chemotherapy can be improved by innate molecules such as melatonin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.4.975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:34:41Z","timestamp":1539045281000},"page":"975-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Potentiation of Isoniazid Activity against<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>by Melatonin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Wiid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC Centre For Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch Medical School,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Hoal-van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC Centre For Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch Medical School,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinie","family":"Hon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC Centre For Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch Medical School,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Lombard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Centre for Epidemiological Research in South Africa, MRC,2 Tygerberg 7505, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC Centre For Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch Medical School,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06896.x","article-title":"The membrane destabilising action of the antibacterial agent chlorohexidine.","volume":"119","author":"Barrett B. K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barrett B. K. Newbolt L. Edwards S. The membrane destabilising action of the antibacterial agent chlorohexidine. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 119 1994 249 253","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Nathan D. Maestroni G. J. M. Conti A. The protective effect of melatonin in viral and bacterial infections Therapeutic potential of melatonin. Maestroni G. J. M. Conti A. Reiter R. J. 1997 71 80 Karger Basel Switzerland","DOI":"10.1159\/000060977"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309858","article-title":"Protective effect of melatonin in mice infected with encephalitis virus.","volume":"140","author":"Ben-Nathan D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ben-Nathan D. Maestroni G. J. M. Lustig S. Conti A. Protective effect of melatonin in mice infected with encephalitis virus. Arch. Virol. 140 1995 223 230","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.001135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701163360306","article-title":"Melatonin in humans.","volume":"336","author":"Brezezinski A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brezezinski A. Melatonin in humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 336 1997 186 195","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Cressie N. A. C. Statistics for spatial data. 1991 John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00288.x","article-title":"Melatonin reduces mortality from aleutian disease in mink (Mustela vison).","volume":"21","author":"Ellis L. C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ellis L. C. Melatonin reduces mortality from aleutian disease in mink (Mustela vison). J. Pineal Res. 21 1996 214 217","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1021\/tx960108l","article-title":"Free radicals produced during the oxidation of hydraxines by hypochlorous acid.","volume":"9","author":"Goodwin D. C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goodwin D. C. Aust S. D. Grover T. A. Free radicals produced during the oxidation of hydraxines by hypochlorous acid. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9 1996 1333 1339","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/07435809209035401","article-title":"A brief survey of pineal gland-immune system interrelationships.","volume":"18","author":"Guerrero J. M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Guerrero J. M. Reiter R. J. A brief survey of pineal gland-immune system interrelationships. Endocr. Res. 18 1992 91 113","journal-title":"Endocr. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Kent P. T. Kubica G. P. A guide for the level III laboratory 1985 81 82 Centers for Disease Control Atlanta Ga"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3999","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.12.3999","article-title":"Macrophage cytotoxicity against Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites is mediated by nitric oxide from l-arginine.","volume":"141","author":"Lin J. Y.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lin J. Y. Chadee K. Macrophage cytotoxicity against Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites is mediated by nitric oxide from l-arginine. J. Immunol. 141 1992 3999 4004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00417-Q","article-title":"Potent protective effect of melatonin on in vivo paraquat-induced oxidative damage in rats.","volume":"56","author":"Melchiorri D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Melchiorri D. Reiter R. J. Attia A. M. Hara M. Burgos M. Nistico G. Potent protective effect of melatonin on in vivo paraquat-induced oxidative damage in rats. Life Sci. 56 1995 83 89","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2752-2754.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Automatable radiometric detection in growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in selective media.","volume":"115","author":"Middlebrook G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Middlebrook G. Automatable radiometric detection in growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in selective media. Annu. Rev. Respir. Dis. 115 1977 1066 1069","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.6.2671","article-title":"Activation of human monocytes by the pineal hormone melatonin.","volume":"153","author":"Morrey K. M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morrey K. M. McLachlan J. M. Serkin C. D. Bakouche O. Activation of human monocytes by the pineal hormone melatonin. J. Immunol. 153 1994 2671 2680","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60981-3","article-title":"Antioxidant action of melatonin.","volume":"38","author":"Reiter R. J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reiter R. J. Antioxidant action of melatonin. Adv. Pharmacol. 38 1997 103 117","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00030-1","article-title":"Pharmacological actions of melatonin in oxygen radical pathophysiology.","volume":"60","author":"Reiter R. J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reiter R. J. Tang L. Garcia J. J. Munoz-Hoyos A. Pharmacological actions of melatonin in oxygen radical pathophysiology. Life Sci. 60 1997 2255 2271","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979057","article-title":"Melatonin in relation to cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms.","volume":"29","author":"Reiter R. J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reiter R. J. Carneiro R. C. Oh C. S. Melatonin in relation to cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms. Horm. Metab. Res. 29 1997 363 372","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Siddiqui S. H. BACTEC 460 TB system. Product and procedure manual. 1995 Becton Dickinson and Co. Sparks Md"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.4.975","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.43.4.975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T19:49:30Z","timestamp":1693943370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.43.4.975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.43.4.975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.43.4.975","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-01-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}