{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:19:05Z","timestamp":1790738345046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]],"date-time":"1999-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":925516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a facultative intracellular pathogen, readily enters cells and multiplies in the cytosol after escaping from phagosomal vacuoles. Macrophages exposed to gamma interferon, one of the main cellular host defenses against\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    , become nonpermissive for bacterial growth while containing\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the phagosomes. Using the human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1, we show that the combination of\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -monomethyl arginine and catalase restores bacterial growth without affecting the phagosomal containment of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A previous report (B. Scorneaux, Y. Ouadrhiri, G. Anzalone, and P. M. Tulkens, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:1225\u20131230, 1996) showed that intracellular\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    was almost equally sensitive to ampicillin, azithromycin, and sparfloxacin in control cells but became insensitive to ampicillin and more sensitive to azithromycin and sparfloxacin in gamma interferon-treated cells. We show here that these modulations of antibiotic activity are largely counteracted by\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -monomethyl arginine and catalase. In parallel, we show that gamma interferon enhances the cellular accumulation of azithromycin and sparfloxacin, an effect which is not reversed by addition of\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -monomethyl arginine and catalase and which therefore cannot account for the increased activity of these antibiotics in gamma interferon-treated cells. We conclude that (i) the control exerted by gamma interferon on intracellular multiplication of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    in THP-1 macrophages is dependent on the production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide; (ii) intracellular\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    may become insensitive to ampicillin in macrophages exposed to gamma interferon because the increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates already controls bacterial growth; and (iii) azithromycin and still more sparfloxacin cooperate efficiently with gamma interferon, one of the main cellular host defenses in\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.5.1242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T20:34:57Z","timestamp":1539030897000},"page":"1242-1251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Mechanism of the Intracellular Killing and Modulation of Antibiotic Susceptibility of\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    in THP-1 Macrophages Activated by Gamma Interferon"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Youssef","family":"Ouadrhiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Mole\u0301culaire,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Scorneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Mole\u0301culaire,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Sibille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Unite\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Expe\u0301rimentale,2Universite\u0301 Catholique de Louvain, and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Christian de Duve International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology,3 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Tulkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Unite\u0301 de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Mole\u0301culaire,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/10.4.343","article-title":"Genotoxicity of 17 gyrase- and four mammalian topoisomerase II-poisons in prokaryotic and eucaryotic test systems.","volume":"10","author":"Albertini S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Albertini S. 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