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Because optimal methodologies are needed to detect these important new \u03b2-lactamases, a study was designed to evaluate the ability of a panel of various \u03b2-lactam antibiotics tested alone and in combination with \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors to discriminate between the production of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases, AmpC \u03b2-lactamases, high levels of K1 \u03b2-lactamase, and other \u03b2-lactamases in 141 isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n            possessing well-characterized \u03b2-lactamases. The microdilution panels studied contained aztreonam, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone, with and without 1, 2, and 4 \u03bcg of clavulanate per ml or 8 \u03bcg of sulbactam per ml and cefoxitin and cefotetan with and without 8 \u03bcg of sulbactam per ml. The results indicated that a minimum panel of five tests would provide maximum separation of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase high AmpC, high K1, and other \u03b2-lactamase production in\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            . These included cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime plus 4 \u03bcg of clavulanate per ml, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and ceftriaxone plus 8 \u03bcg of sulbactam per ml. Ceftriaxone plus 2 \u03bcg of clavulanate per ml could be substituted for cefpodoxime plus 4 \u03bcg of clavulanate per ml without altering the accuracy of the tests. This study indicated that tests with key \u03b2-lactam drugs, alone and in combination with \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors, could provide a convenient approach to the detection of a variety of \u03b2-lactamases in members of the family\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae.<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.43.6.1393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:35:02Z","timestamp":1539045302000},"page":"1393-1400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Use of Microdilution Panels with and without \u03b2-Lactamase Inhibitors as a Phenotypic Test for \u03b2-Lactamase Production among\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>Klebsiella<\/i>\n            spp.,\n            <i>Enterobacter<\/i>\n            spp.,\n            <i>Citrobacter freundii<\/i>\n            , and\n            <i>Serratia marcescens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and Biotechnology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine C.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and Biotechnology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen Smith","family":"Moland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and Biotechnology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01650718","article-title":"Extended broad-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae including resistance to cephamycins.","volume":"17","author":"Bauernfeind A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bauernfeind A. Chong Y. Schweighart S. Extended broad-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae including resistance to cephamycins. 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Am."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"Smith Moland\n              E.\n              Thomson\n              K. S.\n              Pitout\n              J. D. D.\n          Detection of plasmid-encoded AmpC \u03b2-lactamase in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae abstr. A-41\n          Abstracts of the 96th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.\n          1996\n          140\n          American Society for Microbiology\n          Washington D.C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2575-2579.1998","article-title":"Can results obtained with commercially available MicroScan microdilution panels serve as an indicator of \u03b2-lactamase production among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates with hidden resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam?","volume":"36","author":"Smith Moland E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith Moland E. Sanders C. C. Thomson K. S. 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