{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:13:25Z","timestamp":1788394405580,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To benchmark the activity of moxifloxacin (a newer fluoroquinolone), a U.S. study comprising 16,141 contemporary isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (5,640),\n            <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n            (6,583), and\n            <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n            (3,648) referred from 377 institutions during 1998 is described. For\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            the modal MIC and MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            ) for moxifloxacin were 0.12 and 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively, independent of susceptibility to other drug classes, geography, or site of infection. Eleven isolates were intermediate or resistant to levofloxacin and grepafloxacin; of these isolates, 1 remained susceptible to sparfloxacin, 2 remained susceptible to moxifloxacin, and 4 remained susceptible to trovafloxacin. All 11 isolates possessed classic mutations in\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\/or\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            known to confer reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Four isolates (originating from four separate states) belonging to a multidrug-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant clone were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. For moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin, at least 87% of isolates demonstrated MICs \u22653 twofold concentrations below the susceptibility breakpoints, in contrast to no more than 15% for levofloxacin, grepafloxacin, and sparfloxacin. Of the isolates that were multidrug resistant (7.4%), &gt;98% remained susceptible to moxifloxacin. The modal MIC and MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            for\n            <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n            (both 0.06 \u03bcg\/ml) and for\n            <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n            (both 0.03 \u03bcg\/ml) were independent of \u03b2-lactamase production. These data demonstrate the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and establish a baseline for future studies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.44.10.2645-2652.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:42Z","timestamp":1027764402000},"page":"2645-2652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Benchmarking the In Vitro Activities of Moxifloxacin and Comparator Agents against Recent Respiratory Isolates from 377 Medical Centers throughout the United States"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRL, 3554XD Utrecht, The Netherlands,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Staples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Herndon, Virginia 201712"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Herndon, Virginia 201712"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clyde","family":"Thornsberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Herndon, Virginia 201712"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Heinze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Herndon, Virginia 201712"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard D.","family":"Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Herndon, Virginia 201712"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Sahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Herndon, Virginia 201712"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Ausubel\n              F.\n              Brent\n              R.\n              Kingston\n              R.\n              Moore\n              D.\n              Seidman\n              J.\n              Smith\n              J.\n              Struhl\n              K.\n          Current protocols in molecular biology.\n          1989\n          John Wiley & Sons Inc.\n          New York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(97)81807-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/38.suppl_A.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Baron\n              E. 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