{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:02:09Z","timestamp":1778673729765,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The aim of the present study was to examine the stability and evolution of\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)-mediated resistance to tetracyclines among members of different clonal lineages of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Thirty-two tetracycline-resistant isolates representing three national (Spanish serotype 14, Spanish serotype 15, and Polish serotype 23F) and one international (Spanish serotype 23F) multidrug-resistant epidemic clones were all found to be\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M) positive and\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (O),\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (K), and\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (L) negative. These isolates all carried the integrase gene,\n            <jats:italic>int<\/jats:italic>\n            , which is associated with the Tn\n            <jats:italic>1545<\/jats:italic>\n            -Tn\n            <jats:italic>916<\/jats:italic>\n            family of conjugative transposons. High-resolution restriction analysis of\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M) products identified six alleles,\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)1 to\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)6:\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)1 to\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)3 and\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)5 in isolates of the Spanish serotype 14 clone,\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)4 in both the Spanish serotype 15 and 23F clones, and\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)6, the most divergent allele, in the Polish 23F clone. This indicates that\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M) variation can occur at the inter- and intraclone levels in pneumococci. Two alleles of\n            <jats:italic>int<\/jats:italic>\n            were identified, with\n            <jats:italic>int1<\/jats:italic>\n            being found in all isolates apart from members of the international Spanish 23F clone, which carried\n            <jats:italic>int2<\/jats:italic>\n            . Susceptibility to tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline was evaluated for all isolates with or without preincubation in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of tetracyclines. Resistance to tetracyclines was found to be inducible in isolates of all clones; however, the strongest induction was observed in the Spanish serotype 15 and 23F clones carrying\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M)4. Tetracycline was found to be the strongest inducer of resistance, and minocycline was found to be the weakest inducer of resistance.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.44.11.2979-2984.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:56:57Z","timestamp":1027763817000},"page":"2979-2984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Genetic Diversity of the\n            <i>tet<\/i>\n            (M) Gene in Tetracycline-Resistant Clonal Lineages of\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Doherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Trzcinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pickerill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Zawadzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Dowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07433.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.149.3.995-1004.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-10-2747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00658.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-1-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1998.4.325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00430441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"320","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in a clinical hospital in 1997\u20131998.","volume":"5","author":"Dorobat O.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dorobat O. 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