{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:11:45Z","timestamp":1791141105764,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chromosomally mediated AmpC-type \u03b2-lactamases are frequently found among\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Hyperproduction of AmpC \u03b2-lactamase results in high-level resistance to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. One striking feature of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the absence of the structural\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, encoding AmpC \u03b2-lactamase, in contrast with other members in the\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    family, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The horizontal acquisition of\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes is one of the causes of the increased resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors among gram-negative rods. Nevertheless, despite the high number of \u03b2-lactam-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates so far described, only two strains expressing resistance to cephalosporin and \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors which is mediated by AmpC-type enzymes have been found. In this work, data are provided which support the possibility that the maintenance and expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene may represent an unbearable cost for\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in terms of reduction of some of its lifestyle attributes, such as growth rate and invasiveness. The deleterious AmpC burden can be eliminated by decreasing the production of AmpC when both the regulatory gene,\n                    <jats:italic>ampR<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>ampC<\/jats:italic>\n                    are present in\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thus, it is suggested that the two genes have to be acquired together by\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , leading to an inducible \u03b2-lactam resistance phenotype. AmpC synthesis did not produce major variations in the peptidoglycan composition of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.44.11.3137-3143.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:06:42Z","timestamp":1027750002000},"page":"3137-3143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Biological Cost of AmpC Production for\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    Serotype Typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"M. I.","family":"Morosini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Servicio de Microbiolog\u0131\u0301a, Hospital Ramo\u0301n y Cajal,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Centro de Biolog\u0131\u0301a Molecular, \u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u0131\u0301ficas, Campus Cantoblanco,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Servicio de Microbiolog\u0131\u0301a, Hospital Ramo\u0301n y Cajal,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Marti\u0301nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Departamento de Biotecnolog\u0131\u0301a Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u0131\u0301a (CSIC), Campus UAM,3Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bla\u0301zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Servicio de Microbiolog\u0131\u0301a, Hospital Ramo\u0301n y Cajal,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)00005-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.155.3.1297-1305.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80598-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06597.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.1.145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.156.1.471-474.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.3.259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.30.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Ewing\n              W. 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