{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:53:54Z","timestamp":1769601234875,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection continues to spread in developing countries, mostly through heterosexual transmission. The development of a safe and cost-effective topical microbicide, effective against a range of STDs including HIV-1, would greatly impact the ongoing epidemic. When formulated in a vehicle, a micronized form of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), which is an inactive pharmaceutical excipient, has been shown to inactivate HIV-1, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus,\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Haemophilus ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n            in vitro. Formulated CAP was also shown to be effective against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vivo. Here we show that a formulation of CAP protected four of six rhesus monkeys from vaginal infection with simian immunodeficiency virus. Thus, CAP may be a candidate for use as a topical microbicide for preventing HIV-1 infection in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.44.11.3199-3202.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:42Z","timestamp":1027764402000},"page":"3199-3202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Effect of a Cellulose Acetate Phthalate Topical Cream on Vaginal Transmission of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Rhesus Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Kelledy H.","family":"Manson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Primedica Corporation, Worcester, Massachusetts,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Wyand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Primedica Corporation, Worcester, Massachusetts,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->University of California Davis, Davis, California,2 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Robert","family":"Neurath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->The Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Center, New York, New York3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1994.10.351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5267.1486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.9.7430-7440.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095632029901000604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Harpaz\n              D.\n          Colloidal silicon dioxide\n          Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients\n          2nd ed.\n              Wade\n              A.\n              Weller\n              P. J.\n          1994\n          424\n          427\n          American Pharmaceutical Association\n          Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92584-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/32.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Jiang\n              S.\n              Li\n              Y.-Y.\n              Lin\n              K.\n              Strick\n              N.\n              Neurath\n              A. R.\n              George\n              K. S.\n              Choudhury\n              S.\n              Esmaeli-Azad\n              B.\n          Virucidal and antibacterial activities of 3-hydroxyphthaloyl-\u03b2-lactoglobulin\n          Vaccines 97. Molecular approaches to the control of infectious diseases.\n              Brown\n              F.\n          1997\n          327\n          330\n          Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press\n          Cold Spring Harbor N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199612150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.Supplement_2.S174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.10029-10035.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Miller\n              C.\n          Use of the SIV rhesus macaque system to test virucides designed to prevent sexual transmission of HIV\n          Barrier contraceptives: current status and future prospects.\n              Mauck\n              C. K.\n          1994\n          213\n          223\n          Wiley Liss Inc.\n          New York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55038-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1990.tb00445.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.10.4277-4284.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.10.6391-6400.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"655","article-title":"Localization of SIV in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques.","volume":"141","author":"Miller C. J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Miller C. J. Vogel P. Alexander N. J. Sutjipto S. Hendrickx A. G. Marx P. A. Localization of SIV in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques. Am. J. Pathol. 141 1992 655 660","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.3248-3258.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095632029700800208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0296-230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095632029800900209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/biol.1998.0169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.Supplement_2.S162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1994.tb138239.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Public Health Service\n          Public health service policy on human care and use of laboratory animals. U.S.\n          1996\n          Department of Health and Human Services\n          Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199804010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIV prevention through early detection and treatment of other sexually transmitted disease. United States recommendations of the Advisory Committee for HIV and STD Prevention.","volume":"47","author":"St. Louis M. E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"St. Louis M. E. Levine W. C. Wasserheit J. N. HIV prevention through early detection and treatment of other sexually transmitted disease. United States recommendations of the Advisory Committee for HIV and STD Prevention. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 47 1998 1 24","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.9.1323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1997.tb00313.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.6.3724-3733.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.978"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3199-3202.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3199-3202.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T16:35:30Z","timestamp":1645461330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3199-3202.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3199-3202.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.44.11.3199-3202.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-07-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}