{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:10:49Z","timestamp":1791277849509,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            WQ-3034 is a newly synthesized acidic fluoroquinolone. We assessed its in vitro activity against\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            complex using levofloxacin (LVFX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), sparfloxacin (SPFX), and KRM-1648 (KRM) as reference drugs. The MICs of these agents were determined by the agar dilution method with 7H11 medium. The MICs at which 50 and 90% of the test strains were inhibited (MIC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s, and MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            s, respectively) for the test quinolones for rifampin (RMP)-susceptible\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were in the order SPFX &lt; LVFX \u2266 WQ-3034 \u2266 CPFX, while those for RMP-resistant\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were in the order SPFX \u2266 WQ-3034 \u2266 LVFX &lt; CPFX. The MICs of KRM for RMP-susceptible\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            were much lower than those of the test quinolones, while the MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            of KRM for RMP-resistant\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains was higher than those of the quinolones. The MIC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s and MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            s of the test drugs for\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            were in the order KRM &lt; SPFX &lt; CPFX \u2266 WQ-3034 \u2266 LVFX, while those for\n            <jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n            were in the order KRM &lt; SPFX &lt; WQ-3034 \u2252 LVFX \u2266 CPFX. Next, we compared the antimicrobial activities of the test drugs against\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            organisms residing in cells of the Mono Mac 6 macrophage (M\u03c6)-like cell line (MM6-M\u03c6s) and of the A-549 type II alveolar cell line (A-549 cells). When drugs were added at the concentration that achieves the maximum concentration in blood, progressive killing or inhibition of the\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            organisms residing in MM6-M\u03c6s and A-549 cells was observed in the order KRM &gt; SPFX \u2267 LVFX &gt; WQ-3034 &gt; CPFX. The efficacies of all quinolones against intracellular\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            organisms were significantly lower in A-549 cells than in MM6-M\u03c6s. WQ-3034 at the MIC caused more marked growth inhibition of intramacrophage\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            than did LVFX. These findings indicate that the in vitro anti-\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            activity of WQ-3034 is greater than that of CPFX and is comparable to that of LVFX.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.44.2.283-286.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:42Z","timestamp":1027764402000},"page":"283-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Comparative Antimicrobial Activities of the Newly Synthesized Quinolone WQ-3034, Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Ciprofloxacin against\n            <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n            Complex"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Haruaki","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsumasa","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Kajitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Akaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Dermatology,2 Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Shishido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->National Sanatorium Matsue Hospital, Matsue, Shimane 690-8556,3 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.62.6.795","article-title":"Effector molecules in expression of the antimicrobial activity of macrophages against Mycobacterium avium complex: roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates, reactive oxygen intermediates, and free fatty acids.","volume":"62","author":"Akaki T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Akaki T. Sato K. Shimizu T. Sano C. Kajitani H. Dekio S. Tomioka H. Effector molecules in expression of the antimicrobial activity of macrophages against Mycobacterium avium complex: roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates, reactive oxygen intermediates, and free fatty acids. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62 1997 795 804","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.4.1400-1406.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.4.1111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.10.2256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(93)90030-6","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"144","author":"Cohn D. L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cohn D. L. Iseman M. D. Treatment and prevention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Res. Microbiol. 144 1993 150 153","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.6.9.1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-44-1-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.6.885","article-title":"In-vitro activity of fluorinated quinolones against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"40","author":"Hoffner S. E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hoffner S. E. Genzelius L. Olsson-Liljequist B. In-vitro activity of fluorinated quinolones against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40 1997 885 888","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.5.716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Kent\n              P. T.\n              Kubica\n              G. P.\n          Public health mycobacteriology: a guide for the level III laboratory.\n          1985\n          Centers for Disease Control\n          Atlanta Ga"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.7.1476","article-title":"Activity of levofloxacin in a murine model of tuberculosis.","volume":"38","author":"Klemens S. P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Klemens S. P. Sharpe C. A. Rogge M. C. Cynamon M. H. Activity of levofloxacin in a murine model of tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38 1994 1470 1479","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.12.4802-4811.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.1.319-325.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.7.1610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90001-2","article-title":"In vitro antimycobacterial activity of a new quinolone, levofloxacin (DR-3355).","volume":"76","author":"Saito H.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Saito H. Sato K. Tomioka H. Dekio S. In vitro antimycobacterial activity of a new quinolone, levofloxacin (DR-3355). Tuberc. Lung Dis. 76 1995 377 380","journal-title":"Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.1.77","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities of benzoxazinorufamycin KRM-1648, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin against intracellular Mycobacterium avium complex phagocytosed by murine preitoneal macrophages.","volume":"41","author":"Sato K.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sato K. Akaki T. Tomioka H. Antimicrobial activities of benzoxazinorufamycin KRM-1648, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin against intracellular Mycobacterium avium complex phagocytosed by murine preitoneal macrophages. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 41 1998 77 83","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.3.351","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities of benzoxazinorifamycin (KRM-1648) and clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex residing in murine peritoneal macrophages, human macrophage-like cells and human alveolar epithelial cells.","volume":"43","author":"Sato K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sato K. Tomioka H. Antimicrobial activities of benzoxazinorifamycin (KRM-1648) and clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex residing in murine peritoneal macrophages, human macrophage-like cells and human alveolar epithelial cells. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 43 1999 351 357","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.12.3001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Tomioka\n              H.\n              Sato\n              K.\n              Hidaka\n              T.\n              Saito\n              H.\n          In vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activities of KRM-1648 a new benzoxazinorifamycin\n          Recent research developments in antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.\n              Pandalai\n              S. G.\n          1997\n          37\n          68\n          Research Signpost\n          Trivandrum India"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1989.tb02000.x","article-title":"Susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare to various antibacterial drugs.","volume":"33","author":"Tomioka H.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tomioka H. Sato K. Saito H. Yamada Y. Susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare to various antibacterial drugs. Microbiol. Immunol. 33 1989 509 514","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199608000-00006","article-title":"Mycobacterial infections in immunocompromised patients.","volume":"9","author":"Young L. S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Young L. S. Mycobacterial infections in immunocompromised patients. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 9 1996 240 245","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.44.2.283-286.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.44.2.283-286.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T16:35:32Z","timestamp":1645461332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.44.2.283-286.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.44.2.283-286.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.44.2.283-286.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-03-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-11-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}