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This strain harbored a ca. 140-kb nontransferable plasmid, pTK1, that conferred an extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile antagonized by the addition of clavulanic acid, tazobactam, or imipenem. The gene for GES-1 (Guiana extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase) was cloned, and its protein was expressed in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    DH10B, where this pI-5.8 \u03b2-lactamase of a ca. 31-kDa molecular mass conferred resistance to oxyimino cephalosporins (mostly to ceftazidime). GES-1 is weakly related to the other plasmid-located Ambler class A extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs). The highest percentage of amino acid identity was obtained with the carbenicillinase GN79 from\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; with YENT, a chromosome-borne penicillinase from\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; and with L-2, a chromosome-borne class A cephalosporinase from\n                    <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (36% amino acid identity each). However, a dendrogram analysis showed that GES-1 clustered within a class A ESBL subgroup together with ESBLs VEB-1 and PER-1. Sequencing of a 7,098-bp DNA fragment from plasmid pTK1 revealed that the GES-1 gene was located on a novel class 1 integron named In52 that was characterized by (i) a 5\u2032 conserved segment containing an\n                    <jats:italic>intI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene possessing two putative promoters, P\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , for coordinated expression of the downstream antibiotic resistance genes and an\n                    <jats:italic>attI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    recombination site; (ii) five antibiotic gene cassettes,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>GES-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)Ib<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032 (gentamicin resistance and amikacin susceptibility),\n                    <jats:italic>dfrXVb<\/jats:italic>\n                    (trimethoprim resistance), a novel chloramphenicol resistance gene (\n                    <jats:italic>cmlA4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>aadA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance); and (iii) a 3\u2032 conserved segment consisting of\n                    <jats:italic>qacE\u03941<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>sulI<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>GES-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>aadA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene cassettes were peculiar, since they lacked a typical 59-base element. This work identified the second class A ESBL gene of a non-TEM, non-SHV series which was located in the plasmid and integron, thus providing it additional means for its spread and its expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.44.3.622-632.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:06:42Z","timestamp":1027750002000},"page":"622-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":379,"title":["Biochemical Sequence Analyses of GES-1, a Novel Class A Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase, and the Class 1 Integron In52 from\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Poirel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Le Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Naas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Nordmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.9.2221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1980.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.7.1612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.2.509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.3.616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.14.4493-4502.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.5.1172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.5.1574-1585.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Cornish-Bowden\n              A.\n          Fundamentals of enzyme kinetics\n          1995\n          30\n          37\n          Portland Press Inc.\n          Seattle Washington"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.8.1881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.6.789","article-title":"Characterization and amino acid sequence of the OXY-2 group beta-lactamase of pI 5.7 isolated from aztreonam-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strain HB60.","volume":"40","author":"Farzaneh S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Farzaneh S. 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