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A high intake of carotenoids and vitamin C has been proposed to prevent development of gastric malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore if the microalga\n                    <jats:italic>Haematococcus pluvialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    rich in the carotenoid astaxanthin and vitamin C can inhibit experimental\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in a BALB\/cA mouse model. Six-week-old BALB\/cA mice were infected with the mouse-passaged\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain 119\/95. At 2 weeks postinoculation mice were treated orally once daily for 10 days (i) with different doses of algal meal rich in astaxanthin (0.4, 2, and 4 g\/kg of body weight, with the astaxanthin content at 10, 50, and 100 mg\/kg, respectively), (ii) with a control meal (algal meal without astaxanthin, 4 g\/kg), or (iii) with vitamin C (400 mg\/kg). Five mice from each group were sacrificed 1 day after the cessation of treatment, and the other five animals were sacrificed 10 days after the cessation of treatment. Culture of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    and determination of the inflammation score of the gastric mucosae were used to determine the outcome of the treatment. Mice treated with astaxanthin-rich algal meal or vitamin C showed significantly lower colonization levels and lower inflammation scores than those of untreated or control-meal-treated animals at 1 day and 10 days after the cessation of treatment. Lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased in mice treated with the astaxanthin-rich algal meal and vitamin C compared with that of animals not treated or treated with the control meal. Both astaxanthin-rich algal meal and vitamin C showed an inhibitory effect on\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth in vitro. In conclusion, antioxidants may be a new strategy for treating\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.44.9.2452-2457.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:06:42Z","timestamp":1027750002000},"page":"2452-2457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Astaxanthin-Rich Algal Meal and Vitamin C Inhibit\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    Infection in BALB\/cA Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Lund,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Wille\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg,2 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torkel","family":"Wadstro\u0308m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Lund,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(99)00145-5","article-title":"Treatment of H. pylori infected mice with antioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, bacterial load and modulates cytokine release by splenocytes.","volume":"70","author":"Bennedsen M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bennedsen M. 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