{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:18:49Z","timestamp":1760887129417},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To determine the efficacy of trovafloxacin as a possible treatment for intra-abdominal abscesses, we have developed an anaerobic time-kill technique using different inocula to study the in vitro killing of\n            <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            in pure culture or in mixed culture with either\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            or a vancomycin-resistant strain of\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n            (VREF). With inocula of 5 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU\/ml and trovafloxacin concentrations of \u22642 \u03bcg\/ml, a maximum observed effect (\n            <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            ) of \u22656.1 (log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU\/ml) was attained with all pure and mixed cultures within 24 h. With inocula of 10\n            <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU\/ml, a similar\n            <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            and a similar concentration to produce 50% of\n            <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            (EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ) for\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            were found in both pure cultures and mixed cultures with\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . However, to produce a similar killing of\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            in the mixed cultures with VREF, a 14-fold increase in the concentration of trovafloxacin was required. A vancomycin-susceptible strain of\n            <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n            and a trovafloxacin-resistant strain of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            were also found to confer a similar \u201cprotective\u201d effect on\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            against the activity of trovafloxacin. Using inocula of 10\n            <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU\/ml, the activity of trovafloxacin was retained for\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            and was negligible against VREF. We conclude that this is a useful technique to study the anaerobic killing of mixed cultures in vitro and may be of value in predicting the killing of mixed infections in vivo. The importance of using mixed cultures and not pure cultures is clearly shown by the difference in the killing of\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            in the mixed cultures tested. Trovafloxacin will probably be ineffective in the treatment of infections involving large numbers of enterococci. However, due to its ability to retain activity against large cultures of\n            <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , trovafloxacin could be beneficial in the treatment of intra-abdominal abscesses.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.45.1.243-251.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:42Z","timestamp":1027764402000},"page":"243-251","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["In Vitro Activity of Trovafloxacin against\n            <i>Bacteroides fragilis<\/i>\n            in Mixed Culture with either\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            or a Vancomycin- Resistant Strain of\n            <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i>\n            Determined by an Anaerobic Time-Kill Technique"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Lorna E. T.","family":"Stearne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Kooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wil H. F.","family":"Goessens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma A. J. M.","family":"Bakker-Woudenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inge C.","family":"Gyssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Amsterdam\n              D.\n          Susceptibility testing of antimicrobials in liquid media\n          Antibiotics in laboratory medicine\n          3rd ed.\n              Lorian\n              V.\n          1991\n          53\n          105\n          Williams & Wilkens Co.\n          Baltimore Md"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/39.suppl_2.1","article-title":"The chemistry and biological profile of trovafloxacin.","volume":"39","author":"Bightly K. 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