{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:32:23Z","timestamp":1794018743645,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Macrolide resistance has been demonstrated in group B streptococcus (GBS), but there is limited information regarding mechanisms of resistance and their prevalence. We determined these in GBS obtained from neonatal blood cultures and vaginal swabs from pregnant women. Of 178 isolates from cases of neonatal GBS sepsis collected from 1995 to 1998, 8 and 4.5% were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively, and one isolate showed intermediate penicillin resistance (MIC, 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml). Of 101 consecutive vaginal or rectal\/vaginal isolates collected in 1999, 18 and 8% were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was high (&gt;80%) among both groups of isolates. Of 32 erythromycin-resistant isolates, 28 possessed the\n            <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n            methylase gene (7\n            <jats:italic>ermB<\/jats:italic>\n            and 21\n            <jats:italic>ermTR\/ermA<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and 4 harbored the\n            <jats:italic>mefA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene; one isolate harbored both genes. One isolate which was susceptible to erythromycin but resistant to clindamycin (MIC, 4 \u03bcg\/ml) was found to have the\n            <jats:italic>linB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, previously identified only in\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n            . The\n            <jats:italic>mreA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene was found in all the erythromycin-resistant strains as well as in 10 erythromycin-susceptible strains. The rate of erythromycin resistance increased from 5% in 1995\u201396 to 13% in 1998\u201399, which coincided with an increase in macrolide usage during that time.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.45.12.3504-3508.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:56:57Z","timestamp":1027763817000},"page":"3504-3508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Prevalence and Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Invasive and Noninvasive Group B Streptococcus Isolates from Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Joyce C. S.","family":"de Azavedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto,2 Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"McGavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto,2 Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald E.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto,2 Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"McGeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto,2 Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/41.2.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.5.561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.10.1.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"793","article-title":"Early-onset group B streptococcal disease\u2013United States, 1998\u20131999.","volume":"49","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2000","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Early-onset group B streptococcal disease\u2013United States, 1998\u20131999. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 49 2000 793 796","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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