{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:48:31Z","timestamp":1791103711262,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]],"date-time":"2001-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":996624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The activity of gemifloxacin against intracellular\n            <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            and for the treatment of guinea pigs with\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            pneumonia was studied. Gemifloxacin, azithromycin, and levofloxacin (1 \u03bcg\/ml) reduced bacterial counts of two\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrophages by 2 to 3 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            units. Gemifloxacin and levofloxacin had roughly equivalent intracellular activities. In contrast, erythromycin had static activity only. Therapy studies of gemifloxacin, azithromycin, and levofloxacin were performed in guinea pigs with\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            pneumonia. When gemifloxacin (10 mg\/kg) was given by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route to infected guinea pigs, mean peak levels in plasma were 1.3 \u03bcg\/ml at 0.5 h and 1.2 \u03bcg\/ml at 1 h postinjection. The terminal half-life phase of elimination from plasma was 1.3 h, and the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC\n            <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n            ) was 2.1 \u03bcg \u00b7 h\/ml. For the same drug dose, mean levels in lungs were 3.4 \u03bcg\/g at both 0.5 and 1 h, with a half-life of 1.5 h and an AUC\n            <jats:sub>0\u201324<\/jats:sub>\n            of 6.0 \u03bcg \u00b7 h\/ml. All 15\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            -infected guinea pigs treated with gemifloxacin (10 mg\/kg\/dose given i.p. once daily) for 2 days survived for 9 days after antimicrobial therapy, as did 13 of 14 guinea pigs treated with the same dose of gemifloxacin given for 5 days. All 12 azithromycin-treated animals (15 mg\/kg\/dose given i.p. once daily for 2 days) survived, as did 11 of 12 animals treated with levofloxacin (10 mg\/kg\/dose given i.p. once daily for 5 days). None of 12 animals treated with saline survived. Gemifloxacin is effective against\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            in infected macrophages and in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease, even with an abbreviated course of therapy. These data support studies of the clinical effectiveness of gemifloxacin for the treatment of Legionnaires' disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.45.8.2204-2209.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:55:30Z","timestamp":1027763730000},"page":"2204-2209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["In Vitro Activity of Gemifloxacin (SB-265805, LB20304a) against\n            <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n            and Its Pharmacokinetics in Guinea Pigs with\n            <i>L. pneumophila<\/i>\n            Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Paul H.","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Medicine,2 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Shinzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, The Frythe, Welwyn Herts AL6 9AR, United Kingdom3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha A. C.","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1604-1608.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gemifloxacin: potency and performance.","volume":"45","author":"Appelbaum P. C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Appelbaum P. C. Ball P. Logan M. Wood M. Gemifloxacin: potency and performance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 45 (Suppl. 1) 2000 1 110","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)00333-9","article-title":"Rapid determination of gemifloxacin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.","volume":"746","author":"Doyle E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Doyle E. Fowles S. E. McDonnell D. F. McCarthy R. White S. A. Rapid determination of gemifloxacin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 746 2000 191 198","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.suppl_3.41","article-title":"Comparative in vitro activity and post-antibiotic effect of gemifloxacin against Legionella spp.","volume":"45","author":"Dubois J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dubois J. St Pierre C. Comparative in vitro activity and post-antibiotic effect of gemifloxacin against Legionella spp. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 45 (Suppl. 1) 2000 41 46","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/21.Supplement_3.S265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edelstein\n              P. 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