{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T19:45:36Z","timestamp":1762458336805},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A dose-ranging study to investigate the in vivo effects of the presence of specific antibodies on the efficacy of \u03b2-lactam treatment of sepsis caused by\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (non-\u03b2-lactam-susceptible serotype 6B isolate) was performed with a BALB\/c mouse model. Hyperimmune serum was obtained from mice immunized with the heat-inactivated strain. The rate of mortality was 100% in nontreated animals in the absence of specific antibodies. A single injection of a one-half or one-quarter dilution of hyperimmune serum produced 60 to 40% survival rates. In the absence of specific antibodies, the minimal effective doses of amoxicillin and cefotaxime that produced survival rates of 100 and 80% were 25 and 50 mg\/kg of body weight (three times a day for up to six doses), respectively. These doses produced times that the levels in serum remained above the MIC (\u0394\n            <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n            &gt; MICs) \u224830% of the dosing interval. When specific antibodies were present (by administration of a one-half or one-quarter dilution of hyperimmune serum), the minimal effective doses of the antibiotics were 3.12 and 6.25 mg\/kg (\u22488 times lower), with the \u0394\n            <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n            &gt; MICs being approximately 3 and 5% of the dosing interval for amoxicillin and cefotaxime, respectively. This in vivo combined pharmacodynamic effect offers possibilities that can be used to address penicillin resistance.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.46.5.1340-1344.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:09:01Z","timestamp":1027764541000},"page":"1340-1344","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of Specific Antibodies against\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            on Pharmacodynamic Parameters of \u03b2-Lactams in a Mouse Sepsis Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Casal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Microbiologi\u0301a, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, GlaxoSmithKline"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Jado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Microbiologi\u0301a, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Yuste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Microbiologi\u0301a, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Gime\u0301nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, GlaxoSmithKline"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fenoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Microbiologi\u0301a, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.2.357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.316-318.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"67","year":"2000","unstructured":"Densen, P. 2000. Complement, p. 67-89. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. 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