{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:37:52Z","timestamp":1791841072107,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oxacillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is rapidly killed by the endopeptidase lysostaphin, and the addition of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics provides synergistic killing. We investigated the possibility that \u03b2-lactams given in combination with lysostaphin would improve the activity of lysostaphin against oxacillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ORSE), which is normally less susceptible to lysostaphin. Checkerboard synergy testing was performed for lysostaphin given in combination with oxacillin against 10 ORSE isolates for which the lysostaphin MICs were \u2265 8 \u03bcg\/ml. The fractional inhibitory concentration index ranged from 0.0234 to 0.2656, indicating synergy, which was confirmed in growth curve experiments. In the rabbit model of experimental aortic valve endocarditis using an ORSE strain, the combination of lysostaphin and nafcillin was as effective as vancomycin alone and significantly better than lysostaphin or nafcillin alone. We conclude that \u03b2-lactam antibiotics given in combination with lysostaphin are synergistic against many strains of ORSE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.46.6.2017-2020.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:09:29Z","timestamp":1027750169000},"page":"2017-2020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Combinations of Lysostaphin with \u03b2-Lactams Are Synergistic against Oxacillin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nandini","family":"Kiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"},{"name":"Microbiology\/Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Science System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Climo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"},{"name":"Hunter Holmes McGuire Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.10.2231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31061-0","volume":"49","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bramley, A. J., and R. Foster. 1990. Effects of lysostaphin on Staphylococcus aureus infections of the mouse mammary gland. Res. Vet. Sci.49:120-121.","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1431-1437.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"59","volume":"40","year":"1997","unstructured":"Climo, M. W., S. M. Markowitz, D. S. Williams, C. G. Hale-Cooper, and G. L. Archer. 1997. Comparison of the in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of FK037, vancomcyin, imipenem and nafcillin against staphylococcal species. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.40:59-66.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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Staphylococcal infection of the aortic valve following placement of a poly-ethylene catheter in the left side of the heart. Yale J. Biol. Med44:206-213.","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.137.3.1158-1164.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"725","volume":"91","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schaberg, D. R., D. H. Culver, and R. P. Gaines. 1991. Major trends in microbial etiology of nosocomial infection. Am. J. Med.91(Suppl. 3B):725-735.","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"230","volume":"39","year":"1967","unstructured":"Schaffner, W., M. A. Melly, and M. G. Koenig. 1967. Lysostaphin therapy in enzymatic approach to staphylococcal disease. II. In vivo studies. Yale J. Biol. Med.39:230-244.","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"215","volume":"39","year":"1967","unstructured":"Schaffner, W., M. A. Melly, J. H. Hash, and M. G. Koenig. 1967. Lysostaphin: an enzymatic approach to staphylococcal disease. I. In vitro studies. Yale J. Biol. Med.39:215-229.","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.88.3.815-816.1964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197408012910507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.1.9-16.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.18.4960-4962.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.13.4311-4318.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"261","volume":"153","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tschierske, M., K. Ehlert, A. M. Stranden, and B. Berger-Bachi. 1977. Lif, the lysostaphin immunity factor, complements FemB in staphylococcal peptidoglycan interpeptide bridge formation. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.153:261-264.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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