{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:26:18Z","timestamp":1761560778599},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            may play a role in atherogenesis and vascular diseases, and antibiotics may prove useful in these conditions. Three groups of New Zealand White rabbits (24 per group) were infected via the nasopharynx with\n            <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            on three separate occasions (2 weeks apart). Group I was untreated and sacrificed at 12 weeks; group II received clarithromycin at 20 mg\/kg\/day for 8 days, beginning 5 days after each inoculation (early treatment); and group III received a similar dose of clarithromycin starting 2 weeks after the third inoculation and continued for 6 weeks thereafter (delayed treatment). To test for a possible anti-inflammatory effect of clarithromycin, two other groups of uninfected rabbits (12 animals in each) were fed 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow, and one of these groups was treated with clarithromycin at 30 mg\/kg\/day for 6 weeks. Of 23 untreated infected rabbits, 8 developed early lesions of atherosclerosis, whereas 2 of the 24 early-treated group II had similar changes (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.036 [75% efficacy]). However, in the delayed-treatment group, group III, 3 of 24 rabbits developed early lesions of atherosclerosis, thus demonstrating 62.5% reduction compared to the untreated controls (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.07 [trend to statistical significance]).\n            <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            antigen was detected in 8 of 23 group I (untreated) rabbits versus 1 of 24 of the early-treated (group II) rabbits and 4 of 24 animals in the delayed group III (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.009 and 0.138, respectively). All of the untreated, cholesterol-fed rabbits had moderate to advanced atherosclerosis (grade III or IV); clarithromycin had no effect on reducing the prevalence of but did reduce the extent of atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbits by 17% compared to untreated controls. Thus, clarithromycin administration modified\n            <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            -induced atherosclerotic lesions and reduced the ability to detect organism in tissue. Early treatment was more effective than delayed treatment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.46.8.2321-2326.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T23:07:23Z","timestamp":1027897643000},"page":"2321-2326","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Influence of Clarithromycin on Early Atherosclerotic Lesions after\n            <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>\n            Infection in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ignatius W.","family":"Fong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Viira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Joseph's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Toronto, M5B 1W8 Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.11.2766-2769.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.2.585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1179\/his.1989.12.4.273","volume":"12","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cartun, R. W., and C. A. Pedersen. 1989. An immunocytochemical technique offering increased sensitivity and lowered costs with a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. J. Histotechnol.12:273-277.","journal-title":"J. Histotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.7.2144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.1.105","volume":"14","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daley, S. J., K. F. Klemp, J. R. Guyton, and K. A. Rogers. 1994. Cholesterol-fed and casein-fed rabbit models of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb.14:105-114.","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)03079-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"58","volume":"35","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fong, I. W., B. Chiu, E. Viira, M. W. Fong, D. Jang, and J. Mahony. 1997. Rabbit model for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J. Clin. Microbiol.35:58-62.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.6048-6055.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.6.891-894.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.12.1948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.5.1231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.4.618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.5.757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.2.404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07201-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.7.1573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"1500","volume":"13","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kuo, C. C., A. M. Gown, E. P. Benditt, and J. T. Grayston. 1993. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in aortic lesions of atherosclerosis by immunocytochemical stain. Arterioscler. Thromb.13:1500-1504.","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4832-4835.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"832","volume":"31","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maas, M., C. Bartels, P. M. Engel, U. Momat, and H. H. Sievers. 1998. Endovascular presence of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common phenomenon in coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.31:832-837.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Mahony J. B. K. E. Luinstra and M. A. Chernesky. 1994. Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infections by multiplex PCR p. 370-373. In J. Ofila et al. (ed.) Chlamydial infections 1994. Societa Editrice Escullapio Rome Italy."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"205","volume":"1","year":"1964","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. R. A., C. J. Schwartz, and A. Zinger. 1964. Relationship between aortic plaques and age, sex, and blood pressure. BMJ1:205-209.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"667","volume":"148","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moazed, T. C., C. C. Kuo, D. L. Patton, J. T. Grayston, and L. A. Campbell. 1996. Experimental rabbit models of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Am. J. Pathol.148:667-676.","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.7.633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"137","volume":"17","year":"1992","unstructured":"Piscitelli, S. C., and K. A. Rodvold. 1992. Clarithromycin and azithromycin: new macrolide antibiotics. Clin. Pharm.17:137-152.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"570","volume":"64","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rakita, R. M. 1998. Intracellular activity, potential clinical uses of antibiotics. ASM News64:570-575.","journal-title":"ASM News"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"1009","volume":"151","year":"1997","unstructured":"Richardson, M., M. De Reske, K. Delaney, A. Fletch, L. H. Wilcox, and Kinlough-Rathbone, R. L. 1997. Respiratory infection in lipid-fed rabbits enhances sudanophilia and the expression of VCAM-1. Am. J. Pathol.151:1009-1017.","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.8.1968-1971.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saikku P. K. Matilla M. S. Nieminen P. H. Makela J. K. Huttunen and V. Valtonen. 1988. Serological evidence of an association of a novel chlamydia TWAR with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet ii: 983-986.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90741-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-4-273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(85)90081-4","volume":"42","year":"1985","unstructured":"Salisbury, B. G. J., D. P. Hajjar, and C. R. Minick. 1985. Altered glycosaminoglycan metal in injured arterial wall. Exp. Mol. Pathol.42:306-319.","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"47","volume":"10","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scaglione, F., and G. Rossoni. 1998. Comparative anti-inflammatory effects of roxythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.10(Suppl. B):47-50.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"158","volume":"82","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shor, A., C. C. Kuo, and D. L. Patton. 1992. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary artery fatty streaks and atheromatous plaques. S. Afr. Med. J.82:158-161.","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Stary H. C. 1996. The histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries p. 463-474. In V. Fuster R. Ross and E. J. Topol (ed.) Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Lippincott-Raven Publishers Philadelphia Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"527","volume":"15","year":"1989","unstructured":"Takesluta, K., I. Yamagishi, M. Harada, S. Otomo, T. Nakagawa, and Y. Mizushima. 1989. Immunological and anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin: inhibition of interleukin-1-production of murine peritoneal macrophages. Drug Exp. Clin. Res.15:527-533.","journal-title":"Drug Exp. Clin. Res."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2321-2326.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2321-2326.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T17:40:11Z","timestamp":1645465211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2321-2326.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2321-2326.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.46.8.2321-2326.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-05-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-04-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}