{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:53:40Z","timestamp":1790927620887,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The Infectious Diseases Society of America advocates trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) as initial therapy for females with acute uncomplicated bacterial cystitis in settings where the prevalence of SXT resistance does not exceed 10 to 20%. To determine trends in the activities of SXT, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin among urine isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            from female outpatients, susceptibility testing data from The Surveillance Network (TSN) Database-USA (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 286,187) from 1995 to 2001 were analyzed. Resistance rates among\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates to ampicillin (range, 36.0 to 37.4% per year), SXT (range, 14.8 to 17.0%), ciprofloxacin (range, 0.7 to 2.5%), and nitrofurantoin (range, 0.4 to 0.8%) varied only slightly over this 7-year period. Ciprofloxacin was the only agent studied that demonstrated a consistent stepwise increase in resistance from 1995 (0.7%) to 2001 (2.5%). In 2001, SXT resistance among\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates was &gt;10% in all nine U.S. Bureau of the Census regions. At institutions testing \u2265100 urinary isolates of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 126) in 2001, ampicillin (range, 27.3 to 98.8%) and SXT (range, 7.5 to 47.1%) resistance rates varied widely while ciprofloxacin (range, 0 to 12.9%) and nitrofurantoin (range, 0 to 2.8%) resistance rates were more consistent. In 2001, the most frequent coresistant phenotypes were resistance to ampicillin and SXT (12.0% of all isolates; 82.3% of coresistant isolates) and resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and SXT (1.4% of all isolates; 9.9% of coresistant isolates). Coresistance less frequently included resistance to nitrofurantoin (3.5% of coresistant isolates) than resistance to ciprofloxacin (15.8%), SXT (95.7%), and ampicillin (98.1%). In conclusion, among urinary isolates of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            from female outpatients in the United States, national resistance rates to SXT were relatively consistent (14.8 to 17.0%) from 1995 to 2001 but demonstrated considerable regional and institutional variation in 2001. Therapies other than SXT may need to be considered in some locations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.46.8.2540-2545.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T23:07:23Z","timestamp":1027897643000},"page":"2540-2545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance among Urinary Tract Infection Isolates of\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            from Female Outpatients in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Karlowsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Technologies, Inc., Herndon, Virginia 20171"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie J.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Technologies, Inc., Herndon, Virginia 20171"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clyde","family":"Thornsberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Technologies, Inc.Franklin, Tennessee, 37064"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Technologies, Inc., 1217 KP Hilversum, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Sahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Technologies, Inc., Herndon, Virginia 20171"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1086\/520138","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Echols, R. 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