{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:42:55Z","timestamp":1790203375648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>is a recently described<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>species associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and patients with AIDS. The majority of<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>clinical isolates tested to date are susceptible to the commonly used antifungal drugs, including fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B. However, the appearance of fluconazole-resistant<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>strains in this patient group is increasing. Histatins are a family of basic histidine-rich proteins present in human saliva which have therapeutic potential in the treatment of oral candidiasis. The mechanism of action of histatin is distinct from that of commonly used azole and polyene drugs. Characterization of the antifungal activity of histatin has mainly been carried out using<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>but it is also effective in killing<jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic>. Here we report that<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>is also susceptible to killing by histatin 3. The concentration of histatin 3 giving 50% killing (the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>value) ranged from 0.043 to 0.196 mg\/ml among different strains of<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>. The least-susceptible<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>strain, P9224, was found to internalize histatin at a lower rate than the<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>reference strain CA132A. The dissociation constant (<jats:italic>K<jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>) for the least-susceptible strain (<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>9224) was ninefold higher than that for the<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>reference strain. These results suggest that histatin 3 may have potential as an effective antifungal agent, particularly in the treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients and patients with AIDS in which resistance to the commonly used antifungal drug fluconazole has emerged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.1.70-76.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,24]],"date-time":"2002-12-24T04:39:08Z","timestamp":1040704748000},"page":"70-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Susceptibility of<i>Candida dubliniensis<\/i>to Salivary Histatin 3"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Deirdre H.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dental Science and Dublin Dental Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01990.x","volume":"28","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bercier, J. 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