{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T08:51:03Z","timestamp":1772700663848,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]],"date-time":"2003-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1064966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n            bloodstream isolates (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 2,000) from two multicenter clinical trials carried out by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group between 1995 and 1999 were tested against amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR), posaconazole (POS), caspofungin (CFG), micafungin (MFG), and anidulafungin (AFG) using the NCCLS M27-A2 microdilution method. All drugs were tested in the NCCLS-specified RPMI 1640 medium except for AMB, which was tested in antibiotic medium 3. A sample of isolates was also tested in RPMI 1640 supplemented to 2% glucose and by using the diluent polyethylene glycol (PEG) in lieu of dimethyl sulfoxide for those drugs insoluble in water. Glucose supplementation tended to elevate the MIC, whereas using PEG tended to decrease the MIC. Trailing growth occurred frequently with azoles. Isolates were generally susceptible to AMB, 5FC, and FLU. Rates of resistance to ITR approached 20%. Although no established interpretative breakpoints are available for the candins (CFG, MFG, and AFG) and the new azoles (VOR and POS), they all exhibited excellent antifungal activity, even for those strains resistant to the other aforementioned agents.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.10.3149-3154.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,23]],"date-time":"2003-09-23T22:25:36Z","timestamp":1064355936000},"page":"3149-3154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":428,"title":["Antifungal Susceptibility Survey of 2,000 Bloodstream\n            <i>Candida<\/i>\n            Isolates in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Ostrosky-Zeichner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas\u2014Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Rex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas\u2014Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Hamill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harold W.","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Powderly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Newton","family":"Hyslop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Kauffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan and VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie E.","family":"Mangino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannette","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2477-2481.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"46","volume":"7","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cuenca-Estrella, M., and J. 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