{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:40:17Z","timestamp":1791344417642,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The activity of garenoxacin, a new quinolone, was determined in comparison with other quinolones against different strains of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , viridans group streptococci (VGS), and\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n            . Strains were quinolone-susceptible clinical isolates and quinolone-resistant strains with defined mechanisms of resistance obtained from either clinical isolates or derivatives of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            R6. Clinical quinolone-susceptible strains of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , VGS and\n            <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n            showed garenoxacin MICs within a range of 0.03 \u03bcg\/ml to 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml. Garenoxacin MICs increased two- to eightfold when one mutation was present in the ParC quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR), fourfold when one mutation was present in the GyrA QRDR (\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ), 8- to 64-fold when two or three mutations were associated in ParC and GyrA QRDR, and 2,048-fold when two mutations were present in both the GyrA and ParC QRDRs (\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Increased active efflux had a moderate effect on garenoxacin MICs for\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            and VGS. Against\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , garenoxacin behaved like moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin, being more affected by a single\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutation than by a single\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            mutation. Although garenoxacin was generally two- to fourfold more active than moxifloxacin against the different wild-type or mutant strains of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            , VGS, and\n            <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n            , it was two- to fourfold less active than gemifloxacin. At four times the respective MIC for each strain, the bactericidal effect of garenoxacin, observed at 6 h for\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            and at 24 h for\n            <jats:italic>S. oralis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n            , was not influenced by the presence of mutation either in the ParC or in both the ParC and GyrA QRDRs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.11.3542-3547.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,24]],"date-time":"2003-10-24T02:33:30Z","timestamp":1066962810000},"page":"3542-3547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["In Vitro Activities of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            , Viridans Group Streptococci, and\n            <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n            Compared to Those of Six Other Quinolones"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Grohs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Houssaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agne\u0300s","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gutmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.N.R. des Pneumocoques, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou, 75908 Paris Cedex 15"},{"name":"L.R.M.A., INSERM E0004 Universite\u0301 Paris VI, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Varon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.N.R. des Pneumocoques, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou, 75908 Paris Cedex 15"},{"name":"L.R.M.A., INSERM E0004 Universite\u0301 Paris VI, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","volume":"50","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adam, D. 2002. 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