{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:58:59Z","timestamp":1787241539728,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dietary\nand endogenous nitrates are excreted in urine, and during infection\nwith nitrate-reducing bacteria they are reduced to nitrite. At a low pH\nnitrite is converted to a variety of nitrogen oxides that are toxic to\nbacteria. We hypothesized that acidification of nitrite-rich infected\nurine would result in the killing of the nitrate-reducing bacteria. An\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    control strain and a mutant lacking nitrate\nreductase activity were preincubated in urine supplemented with sodium\nnitrate (0 to 10 mM) at pH 7.0. Then, the nitrite-containing bacterial\nculture was transferred (and diluted 1\/10) to slightly acidic urine (pH\n5 and 5.5) containing ascorbic acid (10 mM) and growth was monitored.\nThe control strain produced nitrite in amounts related to the amount of\nnitrate added. This strain was killed when the culture was transferred\nto acidic urine. In contrast, the mutant that did not produce nitrite\nretained full viability. When control bacteria were grown in acidic\nurine with nitrate and ascorbic acid present from the start of the\nexperiment, no inhibition of growth was noted. The MICs and minimal\nbactericidal concentrations of sodium nitrite-ascorbic\nacid in acidic urine were comparable to those of conventional\nantibiotics. Preincubation of nitrate-reducing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\nnitrate-rich urine leads to the accumulation of nitrite. Subsequent\nacidification of the urine results in generation of nitrogen oxides\nthat are bactericidal. Killing, however, requires a sequential\nprocedure in which the bacteria are first allowed to grow in a\nnitrate-rich neutral environment, later followed by acidification. We\nspeculate that ingestion of nitrate followed some hours later by\nacidification of urine could be a new therapeutic strategy for the\ntreatment of urinary tract\ninfections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.12.3713-3718.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,24]],"date-time":"2003-11-24T17:53:35Z","timestamp":1069696415000},"page":"3713-3718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of a New Treatment for UrinaryTract Infections Caused by Nitrate-ReducingBacteria"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\rof Surgery, Section of\rUrology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Govoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicox Research\rInstitute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. P.","family":"Wiklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\rof Surgery, Section of\rUrology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Weitzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anaesthesiology&amp; Intensive Care, Karolinska Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. O.","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and\rPharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,\rSweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"338","volume":"51","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alvarado, L. C., L. E. Voyer, G. Bortolazzo, and M. A. Costa. 1991. Urinary acidification by furosemide test. 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