{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:09:33Z","timestamp":1790604573114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A\ntotal of 904 consecutive nosocomial isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia\ncoli<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            collected from 28 Russian\nhospitals were screened for production of extended-spectrum\u03b2\n-lactamases (ESBLs). The ESBL phenotype was detected in 78\n(15.8%)\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and 248 (60.8%)\n            <jats:italic>K.\npneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. One hundred fifteen isolates carried the\ngenes for CTX-M-type \u03b2-lactamases, which, as shown by\nPCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, were distributed\ninto the two genetic groups of CTX-M-1 (93%)- and CTX-M-2\n(7%)-related enzymes. Isolates producing the enzymes of the\nfirst group were found in 20 hospitals from geographically distant\nregions of the country and were characterized by considerable diversity\nof genetic types, as was demonstrated by enterobacterial repetitive\nconsensus PCR typing. Within this group the CTX-M-3 and the CTX-M-15\u03b2\n-lactamases were identified. In contrast, the enzymes of the\nCTX-M-2 group (namely, CTX-M-5) were detected only in eight clonally\nrelated\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from a single hospital. Notably, the\nlevels of resistance to ceftazidime were remarkably variable among the\nCTX-M producers. This study provides further evidence of the global\ndissemination of CTX-M type ESBLs and emphasizes the need for their\nepidemiological\nmonitoring.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.12.3724-3732.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,24]],"date-time":"2003-11-24T22:53:35Z","timestamp":1069714415000},"page":"3724-3732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":296,"title":["Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of CTX-MExtended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n            in RussianHospitals"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute\rof Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical\rAcademy, Smolensk 214019, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pimkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute\rof Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical\rAcademy, Smolensk 214019, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Palagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute\rof Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical\rAcademy, Smolensk 214019, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute\rof Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical\rAcademy, Smolensk 214019, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Stratchounski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute\rof Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical\rAcademy, Smolensk 214019, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.151-159.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.2.509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01704610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.10.2965-2968.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/29.5.590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.8.2269-2275.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4030-4036.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.8.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.6.2056-2058.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1237-1243.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1212-1217.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.630-637.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.500-510.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3177-3179.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3595-3598.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.534-537.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.4.827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.3045-3049.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"237","volume":"201","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karim, A., L. 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