{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T06:55:52Z","timestamp":1697352952121},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Agar\ndilution MIC determination was used to compare the activity of DK-507k\nwith those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin,\nsitafloxacin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, azithromycin, and\nclarithromycin against 113 penicillin-susceptible, 81\npenicillin-intermediate, and 67 penicillin-resistant pneumococci (all\nquinolone susceptible). DK-507k and sitafloxacin had the lowest MICs of\nall quinolones against quinolone-susceptible strains (MIC at which\n50% of isolates were inhibited [MIC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ] and\nMIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            of both, 0.06 and 0.125 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively),\nfollowed by moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and\nciprofloxacin. MICs of \u03b2-lactams and macrolides rose with those\nof penicillin G. Against 26 quinolone-resistant pneumococci with known\nresistance mechanisms, DK-507k and sitafloxacin were also the most\nactive quinolones (MICs, 0.125 to 1.0 \u03bcg\/ml), followed by\nmoxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Mutations\nin quinolone resistance-determining regions of quinolone-resistant\nstrains were in the usual regions of the\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. Time-kill testing showed that both DK-507k and\nsitafloxacin were bactericidal against all 12 quinolone-susceptible and\n-resistant strains tested at twice the MIC at 24 h. Serial\nbroth passages in subinhibitory concentrations of 10 strains for a\nminimum of 14 days showed that development of resistant mutants\n(fourfold or greater increase in the original MIC) occurred most\nrapidly for ciprofloxacin, followed by moxifloxacin, DK-507k,\ngatifloxacin, sitafloxacin, and levofloxacin. All parent strains\ndemonstrated a fourfold or greater increase in initial MIC in&lt;50 days. MICs of DK-507k against resistant mutants were\nlowest, followed by those of sitafloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin,\nciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Four strains were subcultured in\nsubinhibitory concentrations of each drug for 50 days: MICs of DK-507k\nagainst resistant mutants were lowest, followed by those of\nsitafloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and\nciprofloxacin. Exposure to DK-507k and sitafloxacin resulted in\nmutations, mostly in\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.12.3815-3824.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,24]],"date-time":"2003-11-24T22:53:35Z","timestamp":1069714415000},"page":"3815-3824","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antipneumococcal Activity of DK-507k, a New Quinolone,Compared with the Activities of 10 OtherAgents"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Browne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments\rof Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bu\u0308lent","family":"Bozdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lois","family":"Ednie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Kosowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonifacio","family":"Dewasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of\rPathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio\r44106"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Appelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology,Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199509000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510470035031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.8.2032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"233","volume":"22","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, D. 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