{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T04:43:09Z","timestamp":1769056989834,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Quinolone resistance encoded by the\n            <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n            gene and mediated by plasmid pMG252 was discovered in a clinical strain of\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            that was isolated in 1994 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center. The gene codes for a protein that protects DNA gyrase from quinolone inhibition and that belongs to the pentapeptide repeat family of proteins. The prevalence of the gene has been investigated by using PCR with\n            <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific primers with a sample of more than 350 gram-negative strains that originated in 18 countries and 24 states in the United States and that included many strains with plasmid-mediated AmpC or extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase enzymes.\n            <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n            was found in isolates from the University of Alabama at Birmingham only during 6 months in 1994, despite the persistence of the gene for FOX-5 \u03b2-lactamase, which is linked to\n            <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n            on pMG252. Isolates from other locations were negative for\n            <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n            . The prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>mcbG<\/jats:italic>\n            in the same sample was also examined.\n            <jats:italic>mcbG<\/jats:italic>\n            encodes another member of the pentapeptide repeat family and is involved in immunity to microcin B17, which, like quinolones, targets DNA gyrase. A single clinical isolate contained\n            <jats:italic>mcbG<\/jats:italic>\n            on a transmissible R plasmid. This plasmid and one carrying the complete microcin B17 operon slightly decreased sparfloxacin susceptibility but had a much less protective effect than pMG252. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was thus rare in the sample examined.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.2.559-562.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,23]],"date-time":"2003-01-23T21:05:59Z","timestamp":1043355959000},"page":"559-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"George A.","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken B.","family":"Waites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m91-009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560070625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03018.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.11.1730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.779","volume":"23","year":"1996","unstructured":"Itokazu, G. S., J. P. Quinn, C. Bell-Dixon, F. M. Kahan, and R. A. Weinstein. 1996. Antimicrobial resistance rates among aerobic gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients in intensive care units: evaluation of a national postmarketing surveillance program. Clin. Infect. Dis.23:779-784.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.908-911.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.4.1050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07322-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3387-3392.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munshi M. H. D. A. Sack K. Haider Z. U. Ahmed M. M. Rahaman and M. G. Morshed. 1987. Plasmid-mediated resistance to nalidixic acid in Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Lancet ii: 419-421.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90957-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1997. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically 4th ed. Approved standard M7-A4. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1997. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests 6th ed. Approved standard. NCCLS document M2-A6. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.3189-3194.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082092899"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.47.2.559-562.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.47.2.559-562.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T17:54:29Z","timestamp":1645466069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.47.2.559-562.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.47.2.559-562.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.47.2.559-562.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-11-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}