{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:32:11Z","timestamp":1775147531606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            , the agent of trench fever, has recently been implicated in various diseases, in particular, bacteremia and endocarditis in homeless people. The host cell of\n            <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. is believed to be the erythrocyte, and in the present study we demonstrate that\n            <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            can be cultured in vitro in human erythrocytes. The bacteria were found to be intraerythrocytic by laser confocal microscopy with\n            <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n            species-specific monoclonal antibodies. Infections with\n            <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            decreased the life span of erythrocytes in culture from 8.6 to 4.8 days. In the culture system we found that most of the antibiotics that we tested (doxycycline, fluoroquinolone compounds, and beta-lactams) were not bactericidal. Gentamicin was bactericidal at 4 \u03bcg\/ml, as was rifampin, but to a lesser extent. At this concentration, gentamicin has been shown to enter erythrocytes slowly and to reach a peak level of 0.26 \u03bcg\/ml after 24 h. At 0.26 \u03bcg\/ml, however, we found that gentamicin was not able to kill extracellular\n            <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            , even after 96 h of incubation. We hypothesize that erythrocytes may be a reservoir for\n            <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            and that the bactericidal activity of gentamicin that we observed occurs mainly when the bacteria emerge from the erythrocytes and are found extracellularly. It would appear that gentamicin should be administered for at least 5 days to cure patients infected with\n            <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.2.614-619.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,23]],"date-time":"2003-01-23T21:05:59Z","timestamp":1043355959000},"page":"614-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility of\n            <i>Bartonella quintana<\/i>\n            in Human Erythrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Rolain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies CNRS UMR-A 6020, IFR 48 Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Maurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies CNRS UMR-A 6020, IFR 48 Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Noe\u0308lle","family":"Mallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies CNRS UMR-A 6020, IFR 48 Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Parzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Parasitologie, Institut de Me\u0301decine Tropicale du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, Le Pharo, 13998 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies CNRS UMR-A 6020, IFR 48 Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.54.2.347-353.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.3.544-547.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901213400303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502163320702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.1.11","volume":"167","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koesling, J., T. Aebischer, C. Falch, R. Schulein, and C. Dehio. 2001. Cutting edge: antibody-mediated cessation of hemotropic infection by the intraerythrocytic mouse pathogen Bartonella grahamii. J. Immunol.167:11-14.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.6.1655-1656.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.1.40-44.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-33-1-51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Maurin M. R. J. Birtles and D. Raoult. 1996. A review of bartonellae and their infections. p. 587-610. In J. Kazar and R. Toman (ed.) Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases. Veda Bratislava Slovakia."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.11.2387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.3.273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3462-3466.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/36.1.101","volume":"36","year":"1995","unstructured":"Musso, D., M. Drancourt, and D. Raoult. 1995. Lack of bactericidal effect of antibiotics except aminoglycosides on Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.36:101-108.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90102-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raoult D. P. E. Fournier F. Vandenesch J. L. Mainardi S. J. Eykyn J. Nash E. James C. Benoit-Lemercier and T. J. Marrie. 2002. 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