{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:32:34Z","timestamp":1792636354205,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. are strict intracellular bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods and filarial nematodes. Filarial nematodes are important causes of human diseases. There is increasing evidence that\n            <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. influence important functions in the biology of the hosts, specifically, infertility. Preliminary experiments with humans and animals have suggested that antibiotics with activity against\n            <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n            may help to treat filariasis. In this study, we determined using a real-time quantitative PCR assay the growth kinetics of a strain of\n            <jats:italic>Wolbachia pipientis<\/jats:italic>\n            from a mosquito grown in Aa23 cells. The doubling time was estimated to be 14 h. We then determined the susceptibilities of this strain to 13 antibiotics by two methods: an immunofluorescent-antibody test and a real-time quantitative PCR assay. Both techniques gave similar results. Doxycycline and rifampin were the most effective compounds, with MICs of 0.125 and 0.06 to 0.125 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively. Fluoroquinolones were less effective, with MICs of 2 to 4 \u03bcg\/ml for ciprofloxacin, 2 \u03bcg\/ml for ofloxacin, and 1 \u03bcg\/ml for levofloxacin. \u03b2-Lactams (penicillin G, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone) were not effective at concentrations up to 128 \u03bcg\/ml. The MIC of erythromycin was &gt;32 \u03bcg\/ml, whereas that of telithromycin was 8 \u03bcg\/ml. Other antibiotic compounds were bacteriostatic only at high concentrations, including gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, and thiamphenicol. The real-time PCR assay was a convenient and reliable technique for determination of the antibiotic susceptibilities of\n            <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n            . It may help in the future to simplify antibiotic susceptibility testing of strict intracellular pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.5.1665-1671.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,22]],"date-time":"2003-04-22T21:03:23Z","timestamp":1051045403000},"page":"1665-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["<i>Wolbachia pipientis<\/i>\n            Growth Kinetics and Susceptibilities to 13 Antibiotics Determined by Immunofluorescence Staining and Real-Time PCR"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Maurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine, Universite\u0301 de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00200-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2307\/3283620","volume":"79","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boohardt, S. 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