{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:01:50Z","timestamp":1791349310728,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>An in vitro model was used to compare the effects of linezolid, clindamycin, and penicillin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) release against virulent group A streptococci (GAS). All regimens exhibited lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) SPE A release at 1 h than those with penicillin alone. Linezolid and clindamycin, alone or in combination with penicillin, may optimize the treatment of GAS infections by reducing bacterial burden and exotoxin release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.5.1752-1755.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,22]],"date-time":"2003-04-22T21:03:23Z","timestamp":1051045403000},"page":"1752-1755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Influences of Linezolid, Penicillin, and Clindamycin, Alone and in Combination, on Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A Release"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences"},{"name":"University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/15.suppl_A.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cappelletty D. M. and M. J. Rybak. 1996. Bactericidal activities of cefprozil penicillin cefaclor cefixime and loracarbef against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40: 1148-1152.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.5.1148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03109.x","volume":"18","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dresser, L. D., and M. J. Rybak. 1998. The pharmacologic and bacteriologic properties of oxazolidinones, a new class of synthetic antimicrobials. Pharmacotherapy18:456-462.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gemmell C. G. and M. McLeod. 1992. The effect of roxithromycin on the virulence of gram-positive cocci. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 15: 67S-70S.","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(92)90129-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110152"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf192"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.8.1562-1567.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"5298","volume":"67","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heath, A., V. J. DiRita, N. L. Barg, and N. C. Engleberg. 1999. A two-component regulatory system, CsrR-CsrS, represses expression of three Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors, hyaluronic acid capsule, streptolysin S, and pyrogenic exotoxin B. Infect. Immun.67:5298-5305.","journal-title":"A two-component regulatory system, CsrR-CsrS, represses expression of three Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors, hyaluronic acid capsule, streptolysin S, and pyrogenic exotoxin B. Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/39.suppl_1.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"861","volume":"64","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kline, J. B., and C. M. Collins. 1996. Analysis of the superantigenic activity of mutant and allelic forms of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A. Infect. Immun.64:861-869.","journal-title":"Analysis of the superantigenic activity of mutant and allelic forms of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A. Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.8.1890-1892.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02527.x","volume":"44","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miwa, K., M. Fukuyama, R. Sakai, S. Shimizu, N. Ida, M. Endo, and H. Igarashi. 2000. Sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of bacterial superantigens and antibodies against them in human plasma. Microbiol. Immunol.44:519-523.","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.2.337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1993. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria to grow aerobically 3rd ed. Approved standard M7-A3. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Villanova Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2868-2875.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1399","volume":"173","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sriskandan, S., D. Moyes, L. K. Buttery, T. Krausz, T. J. Evans, J. Polak, and J. Cohen. 1996. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin release, distribution, and role in a murine model of fasciitis and multiorgan failure due to Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Infect. Dis.173:1399-1407.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1767-1772.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.2.213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.12.3251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.5.675","volume":"47","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tabau, F., R. Fernandez-Robles, J. Linares, R. Martin, and F. Soriano. 2001. In vitro activity of linezolid and 11 other antimicrobials against 566 clinical isolates and comparison between NCCLS microdilution and Etest methods. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.47:675-680.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.3.609","volume":"170","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yan, S., G. A. Bohach, and D. L. Stevens. 1994. Persistent acylation of high-molecular-weight penicillin-binding proteins by penicillin induces the postantibiotic effect in Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Infect. Dis.170:609-614.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1752-1755.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1752-1755.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T19:33:16Z","timestamp":1704828796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1752-1755.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1752-1755.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.47.5.1752-1755.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-02-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}