{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:44:14Z","timestamp":1783748654224,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Community distribution of azithromycin has an important role to play in trachoma control. Previous studies have suggested that this may increase the prevalence of macrolide-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            was isolated from children under 7 years of age in Rombo District, northern Tanzania, before and 2 and 6 months after community-wide administration of azithromycin. Overall carriage rates were 11, 12, and 7%, respectively. Only one macrolide-resistant isolate carrying the\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            gene was obtained 6 months after azithromycin administration. This contrasted with cotrimoxazole and penicillin resistance, both of which were common (cotrimoxazole resistance, 42, 43, and 47%, and penicillin resistance, 21, 17, and 16% at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months, respectively). There was a significant association between cotrimoxazole and penicillin resistance (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0001, Fisher's exact). These data suggest that in communities where macrolide resistance is rare, azithromycin distribution for trachoma control is unlikely to increase the prevalence of resistant organisms.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.47.9.2765-2769.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T21:07:12Z","timestamp":1061586432000},"page":"2765-2769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Impact of Azithromycin Administration for Trachoma Control on the Carriage of Antibiotic-Resistant\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Batt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bambos M.","family":"Charalambous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Huruma Hospital, Huruma"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Knirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc., New York, New York 10017-5755"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Massae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huruma Hospital, Huruma"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salesia","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huruma Hospital, Huruma"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel E.","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C. 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