{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:20:19Z","timestamp":1776943219071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We examined the inhibitory effects of three heparins on the growth of\n            <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites. The multiplication of\n            <jats:italic>Babesia bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>B. bigemina<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>B. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic>\n            in in vitro cultures and that of\n            <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n            in vivo were significantly inhibited in the presence of heparins, as determined by light microscopy. Treatment with various concentrations of heparin showed complete clearance of the intracellular parasites. Interestingly, a higher percentage of abnormally multidividing\n            <jats:italic>B. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites was observed in the presence of low concentrations of heparin. Furthermore, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled heparin was preferably found on the surfaces of extracellular merozoites, as detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. These findings indicate that the heparin covers the surfaces of babesial merozoites and inhibits their subsequent invasion of erythrocytes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.48.1.236-241.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,24]],"date-time":"2003-12-24T02:03:22Z","timestamp":1072231402000},"page":"236-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Growth-Inhibitory Effect of Heparin on\n            <i>Babesia<\/i>\n            Parasites"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Sabine","family":"Bork","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzuru","family":"Ikehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01404-6","volume":"3","year":"2001","unstructured":"Allred, D. 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