{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:00:40Z","timestamp":1793239240873,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Glycine is the simplest amino acid and is used as a metabolic product in some bacteria. However, an excess of glycine inhibits the growth of many bacteria, and it is used as a nonspecific antiseptic agent due to its low level of toxicity in animals. The effect of glycine on\n            <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            is not precisely known. The present study was conducted to investigate (i) the effect of glycine on clarithromycin (CLR)-resistant and -susceptible strains of\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            , (ii) the effect of glycine in combination with amoxicillin (AMX), and (iii) the postantibiotic effect (PAE). The MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited for glycine was almost 2.5 mg\/ml for 31 strains of\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            , including CLR-resistant strains. We constructed isogenic CLR-resistant mutant strains by natural transformation and investigated the difference between clinical wild-type strains and isogenic mutants. There were no differences in the MICs between CLR-resistant and -susceptible strains or between clinical wild-type and mutant strains. The combination of AMX and glycine showed synergistic activity, with the minimum bactericidal concentration of AMX with glycine decreasing to 1\/10 that of AMX alone. Glycine showed no PAE against\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            . These results suggest that glycine may be a useful antimicrobial agent against\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            not only alone but also in combination with antibacterial drugs for the treatment of\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            -associated diseases. Glycine may represent a component of a new type of eradication therapy for CLR-resistant\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.48.10.3782-3788.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,23]],"date-time":"2004-09-23T19:02:50Z","timestamp":1095966170000},"page":"3782-3788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Effect of Glycine on\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Minami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-nosuke","family":"Hashikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keizo","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadao","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn A.","family":"Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kusugami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"386","volume":"93","year":"1998","unstructured":"Adamek, R. 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