{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:10:41Z","timestamp":1769731841532,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Multidrug-resistant strains of\n            <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n            type 1 were implicated in three outbreaks and sporadic cases of dysentery in eastern India in 2002 and 2003. After a hiatus of 14 years, this pathogen reemerged with an altered antibiotic resistance pattern. In addition to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid, all the recent strains were resistant to norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin and showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a new clone of\n            <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n            type 1 that was associated with the recent outbreaks and sporadic cases. Based on the spatial and temporal spread of multidrug-resistant\n            <jats:italic>S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n            type 1, we predict that this clonal type may spread further in this region.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.48.2.681-684.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,24]],"date-time":"2004-01-24T23:46:39Z","timestamp":1074987999000},"page":"681-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Clonal Multidrug-Resistant\n            <i>Shigella dysenteriae<\/i>\n            Type 1 Strains Associated with Epidemic and Sporadic Dysenteries in Eastern India"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Gururaja Perumal","family":"Pazhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhaswati","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thandavarayan","family":"Ramamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jissen Women's College, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Niyogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"132","volume":"89","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dutta, P., D. Dutta, S. K. Bhattacharya, D. Sen, U. Mitra, A. R. Ghose, M. Lahiri, and B. C. Deb. 1989. Clinical and bacteriological profiles of shigellosis in Calcutta before and after an epidemic (1984-87). Indian J. Med. 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