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Lethal doses in healthy and infected animals were improved at least eight times. Intravenous bolus administration of doses of AMB microspheres up to 40 mg\/kg of body weight did not produce acute symptoms of toxicity. The efficacy of this new formulation was tested against\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum-<\/jats:italic>\n            infected hamsters at doses of 2, 10, 20, and 40 mg\/kg. With the 2-mg\/kg dose, the activity of AMB, as assessed through the parasite load reductions in the liver and spleen and the evolution of antibody levels, was also improved (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) by use of the AMB microsphere system. At the higher doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg\/kg, reductions in parasite levels of more than 99% were achieved in the liver and spleen after the administration of AMB microspheres. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to study the serum, liver, and spleen AMB concentrations after administration of AMB microspheres and the reference formulation. Interestingly, a significant accumulation of AMB in the spleen and liver was observed after AMB microsphere administration. Our results suggest that this new formulation is a promising alternative to the conventional AMB-Doc formulation for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.48.9.3246-3252.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,24]],"date-time":"2004-08-24T19:12:57Z","timestamp":1093374777000},"page":"3246-3252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis with Amphotericin B in Stable Albumin Microspheres"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"J. 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