{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T02:48:53Z","timestamp":1772678933585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) emerge by point mutation from non-extended-spectrum precursors. The aims of this study were to reveal the basis for variations in resistance levels found in a collection of 21\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n clinical isolates from Brisbane, Australia. Previous studies have shown that 20 of these isolates possess\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV-11<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV-2a<\/jats:sub>\n , and\/or\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV-12<\/jats:sub>\n , and there is an association between the copy numbers of the ESBL-encoding genes and resistance levels. In this study, a real-time PCR method for interrogating the polymorphic sites at codons 238 and 240 was developed, and this confirmed the relationship between mutant gene copy numbers and resistance levels. The\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n promoter region was cloned from one of the ESBL-expressing isolates, and this showed that\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n genes exist downstream of two different promoters within this single isolate. These promoters have both been reported previously, and they differ by virtue of the presence or absence of an IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n insertion. The\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n copy numbers in\n cis<\/jats:italic>\n with the different promoters were measured, and the copy number of the IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n promoter was correlated with resistance levels. Cloning and analysis of PCR products showed that different\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n variants existed in\n cis<\/jats:italic>\n with individual promoters in individual isolates but that mutant genes were more abundant downstream of the IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n promoter. There were no ESBL-positive isolates without this promoter. It was concluded that\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n in\n cis<\/jats:italic>\n with the IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n promoter is located on an amplifiable replicon, and the presence of the IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n insertion may facilitate the acquisition of an ESBL-positive phenotype.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.49.1.256-263.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,23]],"date-time":"2004-12-23T09:36:20Z","timestamp":1103794580000},"page":"256-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["bla<\/i>\n SHV<\/sub>\n Genes in\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n : Different Allele Distributions Are Associated with Different Promoters within Individual Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"David S.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Schooneveldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health Pathology Services, Microbiology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graeme R.","family":"Nimmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health Pathology Services, Microbiology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Huygens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Giffard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Queensland University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.8.2182-2184.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.37.22538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.88-95.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.5.685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.10.2.258","volume":"10","year":"2000","unstructured":"Germer, S., M. J. Holland, and R. Higuchi. 2000. High-throughput SNP allele-frequency determination in pooled DNA samples by kinetic PCR. Genome Res.10:258-266.","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.659-664.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02390679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.5.1446-1449.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.8.1726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.5.1206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.2.611-614.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.6.1350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80302-6","volume":"275","year":"1991","unstructured":"Podbielski, A., J. Schonling, B. Melzer, and K. Warnatz. 1991. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a new plasmid-coded Klebsiella pneumoniae beta-lactamase gene (SHV-2a) responsible for high-level cefotaxime resistance. Zbl. Bakteriol.275:369-373.","journal-title":"Zbl. Bakteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-3-569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Sambrook J. and D. W. Russell. 2001. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring Harbor N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"164","volume":"30","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schooneveldt, J. M., G. R. Nimmo, and P. Giffard. 1998. Detection and characterisation of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing nosocomial infection. Pathology30:164-168.","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1671"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.49.1.256-263.2005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.49.1.256-263.2005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T18:44:37Z","timestamp":1645469077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.49.1.256-263.2005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.49.1.256-263.2005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.49.1.256-263.2005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-09-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}