{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:34:52Z","timestamp":1791264892500,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although quinolone resistance results mostly from chromosomal mutations, it may also be mediated by a plasmid-encoded\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in members of the family\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thus, 297 nalidixic-acid resistant strains of 2,700\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains that had been isolated at the Bice\u0302tre Hospital (Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France) in 2003 were screened for\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    by PCR. A single\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate that carried a ca. 180-kb conjugative plasmid encoding a\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    determinant was identified. It conferred low-level resistance to quinolones and was associated with a chromosomal mutation in subunit A of the topoisomerase II gene. The\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was located on a\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -type class 1 integron just downstream of a conserved region (CR) element (CR1) comprising the Orf513 recombinase. Promoter sequences for\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression overlapped the extremity of CR1, indicating the role of CR1 in the expression of antibiotic resistance genes. This integron was different from other\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -type integrons identified in American and Chinese enterobacterial isolates. In addition, plasmid pQR1 carried another class 1 integron that was identical to In\n                    <jats:italic>53<\/jats:italic>\n                    from\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The latter integron possessed a series of gene cassettes, including those coding for the extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase VEB-1, the rifampin ADP ribosyltransferase ARR-2, and several aminoglycoside resistance markers. This is the first report of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Europe associated with an unknown level of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.49.1.71-76.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,23]],"date-time":"2004-12-23T04:36:20Z","timestamp":1103776580000},"page":"71-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Hedi","family":"Mammeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, Universite\u0301 Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Van De Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, Universite\u0301 Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Poirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, Universite\u0301 Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Martinez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Marque\u0300s de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Nordmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie, Ho\u0302pital de Bice\u0302tre, Assistance Publique\/Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Paris-Sud, Universite\u0301 Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2760269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.8.1881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(93)18026-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.175-182.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.2.559-562.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(84)90063-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3222-3232.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.3084-3091.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07322-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3387-3392.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.5.703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.1.235-249.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2003. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically p. 1. Approved standard M7-A6. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.342-349.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313719"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3831-3833.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.3.573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Sambrook J. and D. W. Russell. 2001. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual 3rd ed. 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