{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T20:22:43Z","timestamp":1774038163506,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We assessed the sensitivities and specificities of three previously described PCR primers on enrichment broth cultures of feces for the accurate detection of fecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). In addition, we investigated specimens that were\n            <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n            PCR positive but VRE culture negative for the presence of other\n            <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n            -containing pathogens. Feces from 59 patients (12 patients carrying\n            <jats:italic>vanB Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n            strains and 47 patients negative for VRE carriage) were cultured for 36 h in aerobic brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, anaerobic BHI (AnO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            BHI) broth, or aerobic Enterococcosel (EC) broth. DNA was extracted from the cultures and tested for the presence of\n            <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n            by using the PCR primers of Dutka-Malen et al. (S. Dutka-Malen, S. Evers, and P. Courvalin, J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:24-27, 1995), Bell et al. (J. M. Bell, J. C. Paton, and J. Turnidge, J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2187-2190, 1998), and Stinear et al. (T. P. Stinear, D. C. Olden, P. D. R. Johnson, J. K. Davies, and M. L. Grayson, Lancet 357:855-856, 2001). The sensitivity (specificity) of PCR compared with the results of culture on BHI, AnO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            BHI, and EC broths were 67% (96%), 50% (94%), and 17% (100%), respectively, with the primers of Dutka-Malen et al.; 92% (60%), 92% (45%), and 92% (83%), respectively, with the primers of Bell et al.; and 92% (49%), 92% (43%), and 100% (51%) respectively, with the primers of Stinear et al. The primers of both Bell et al. and Stinear et al. were significantly more sensitive than those of Dutka-Malen et al. in EC broth (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.001 and\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001, respectively). The poor specificities for all primer pairs were due in part to the isolation and identification of six anaerobic gram-positive bacilli,\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium hathewayi<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3), a\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium innocuum<\/jats:italic>\n            -like organism (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1),\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium bolteae<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1), and\n            <jats:italic>Ruminococcus lactaris<\/jats:italic>\n            -like (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1), from five fecal specimens that were\n            <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n            positive but VRE culture negative. All six organisms were demonstrated to contain a\n            <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene identical to that of VRE.\n            <jats:italic>VanB-<\/jats:italic>\n            containing bowel anaerobes may result in false-positive interpretation of PCR-positive fecal enrichment cultures as VRE, regardless of the primers and protocols used.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.49.1.77-81.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,23]],"date-time":"2004-12-23T09:36:20Z","timestamp":1103794580000},"page":"77-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Comparison of Three PCR Primer Sets for Identification of\n            <i>vanB<\/i>\n            Gene Carriage in Feces and Correlation with Carriage of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: Interference by\n            <i>vanB<\/i>\n            -Containing Anaerobic Bacilli"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S. A.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Grabsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Departments, Austin Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. D. R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Grayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2187-2190.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.17.4426-4434.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"565","volume":"51","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin\u2014United States, 2002. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.51:565-567.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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