{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T08:58:43Z","timestamp":1762160323363},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Amoebiasis is an important public health problem in developing countries.\n            <jats:italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n            , the causative agent of amoebiasis, may develop resistance to nitroimidazoles, a group of drugs considered to be the most effective against this parasitic disease. Therefore, research on new drugs for the treatment of this common infection still constitutes an important therapeutic demand. In the present study we determined the effects of a carbamate derivative, ethyl 4-chlorophenylcarbamate (C4), on trophozoites of\n            <jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n            strain HM-1:IMSS. C4 was subject to various toxicity tests, including the determination of mutagenicity for bacterial DNA and changes in the enzymatic activities of eukaryotic cells. Genotoxicity studies were performed by the mutagenicity Ames test (plate incorporation and preincubation methods) with\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            serovar Typhimurium, with or without metabolic activation produced by the S9 fraction of rat liver. C4 toxicity studies were performed by measuring enzymatic activity in eukaryotic cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-formazan test with Fischer 344 rat hepatocytes. C4 did not induce either frame-shift mutations in\n            <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            serovar Typhimurium TA97 or TA98 or base pair substitutions in strains TA100 and TA102. The compound was not toxic for cultured rat hepatic cells. Trophozoites treated with 100 \u03bcg of C4 per ml were inhibited 97.88% at 48 h of culture; moreover, damage to the amoebae was also confirmed by electron microscopy. The antiamoebic activity of C4 was evaluated by using an in vivo model of amoebic liver abscess in hamsters. Doses of 75 and 100 mg\/100 g of body weight reduced the extent of the amoebic liver abscess by 84 and 94%, respectively. These results justify further studies to clearly validate whether C4 is a new suitable antiamoebic drug.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.49.3.1160-1168.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T22:51:53Z","timestamp":1109199113000},"page":"1160-1168","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antiamoebic and Toxicity Studies of a Carbamic Acid Derivative and Its Therapeutic Effect in a Hamster Model of Hepatic Amoebiasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Ordaz-Pichardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologi\u0301a Celular"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mineko","family":"Shibayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologi\u0301a Experimental, Centro de Investigacio\u0301n y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sau\u0301l","family":"Villa-Trevin\u0303o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologi\u0301a Celular"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Arriaga-Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigacio\u0301n en Microbiologi\u0301a, Hospital Jua\u0301rez de Me\u0301xico, Mexico City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Angeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Qui\u0301mica Medicinal, Unidad de Postgrado Campo 1, FES Cuautitla\u0301n, UNAM, Cuautitla\u0301n Izcalli, Estado de Me\u0301xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mireya","family":"de la Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologi\u0301a Celular"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"23","volume":"21","year":"1990","unstructured":"Aguirre-Cruz, M. 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